非晶态TiO2-W薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基片上制备了W掺杂的非晶态TiO2薄膜,用XRD、XPS和椭圆偏光测厚仪等对薄膜进行了微观分析.结果表明,TiO2-W薄膜为非晶态结构.Ti以 4价存在;W以0价和 6价形式存在,并且6价和0价W的原子浓度比为6.4:1;薄膜中Ti和W的原子浓度比为2.6:1.对5 mg·L-1的亚甲基蓝溶液光催化脱色试验表明,随着膜厚的增加,光催化降解率递增,当膜厚达到141 nm时,所制备的TiO2-W薄膜对亚甲基蓝的脱色率在2 h达到90%;当膜厚大于141 nm时,光催化降解率不再增加.     

低透气性薄煤层煤与瓦斯共采技术研究

煤与瓦斯共采技术是煤矿绿色开采技术的重要组成部分之一.针对矿井煤层薄、煤层透气性低、煤层瓦斯含量低等特点,应用岩层移动理论和采空区瓦斯流动规律,研究了采场内卸压瓦斯的运移路径和富集区域,建立了矿井煤与瓦斯共采系统,采用了高位顶板穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采方法和老采空区瓦斯抽采方法等综合瓦斯抽采方法,降低了矿井瓦斯涌出量,消除了工作面瓦斯积聚现象,提高了矿井瓦斯抽采率和抽采浓度.在保障煤炭资源安全开采的前提下实现了瓦斯资源的安全、高效抽采.     

可见光光电-Fenton体系中TiO2薄膜电极的制备及应用

采用可见光光电-Fenton体系对罗丹明B模拟废水进行处理。探讨了自制电解液、阳极氧化时间、煅烧温度、煅烧时间因素对阳极材料-TiO2薄膜电极的制备的影响,以及以此为阳极材料的可见光光电-Fenton体系对污染物的降解效果和光电协同作用,并通过响应面优化实验对制备条件优化。在单因素实验得到了参数取值的粗略范围的基础上,通过响应面优化实验得到了最优的制备条件:电解液0.5%NH4F丙三醇溶液、阳极氧化时间93.26 min、煅烧温度602.89℃、煅烧时间127.49 min,模拟出在该条件下的光电-Fenton去除率为70.78%;对此条件下的TiO2薄膜电极进行光催化和电-Fenton实验,得到光电协同因子为1.92;各因素对光电-Fenton去除率影响大小关系为:阳极氧化时间>煅烧时间>煅烧温度。响应面模型3次验证实验的误差均在5%以内,模型可用。     

负载型TiO2-xNx的制备表征及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,负载于玻璃微珠表面,在NH3气流中直接进行热处理,制备负载型掺氮纳米TiO2薄膜催化剂.选取亚甲基蓝为处理对象,结合对催化剂表面结构、晶型和紫外可见吸收的表征,对制备的催化剂进行评价.结果表明,450℃下焙烧3 h所制备的负载型催化剂为锐态矿相;可见光的范围拓展到700 nm左右;负载均...     

聚丙烯酸钠薄膜/K^＋交换玻璃光波导元件的研制及其对苯乙烯蒸气的气敏性研究

采用低分子量聚丙烯酸钠作为敏感试剂,通过旋转涂胶法固定在钾离子交换玻璃光波导表面做成纳米级的薄膜,研制了低分子量聚丙烯酸钠薄膜/K＋离子交换玻璃光波导气敏元件.将该气敏元件固定在光波导气体检测系统中,对挥发性有机物蒸气进行检测.结果表明,室温下该气敏元件对苯乙烯蒸气具有较高的选择性响应,响应和恢复速度快（分别为6 s和...     

Investigation of potential interferences on the measurement of dissolved reactive phosphate using zirconium oxide-based DGT technique

A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique based on hydrous zirconium oxide (Zr-oxide) has been recently developed for the measurement of dissolved reactive phosphate (DRP). In this study, the detailed performance of the DGT technique is reported. Spiking experiments revealed that several orthophosphate monoester compounds contributed to the Zr-oxide DGT measurements of DRP. However, such a phenomenon is unlikely to occur during field conditions due to the low concentration of organic P in typical natural waters. The presence of Cl- (up to 106 g/L), SO42- (up to 16 g/L), HCO3- (up to 817 g/L), and AsO2- and AsO 3 4 (both up to 1 mg As/L) in solutions had negligible effects on the measurement of DRP. The threshold concentrations of Cl-, SO42- and HCO3- have been increased from previous reports for the measurements of DRP using other adsorbent-based DGT techniques. The capacity for DGT measurements of DRP decreased with increasing solution pH (4.2-9.2). The lowest capacity (95 μg P/m2 at pH 9.2) was still greater than that of other DGT techniques that are usually used for the measurement of DRP (2-12 μg P/cm2 ). The Zr-oxide binding gel could be stored for up to 2 years without any aging effect. This period of validity was considerably longer than the ferrihydrite binding gel that is commonly used in present DGT devices (6 months). The field application revealed that the concentrations of DRP measured in three fresh water samples using the Zr-oxide DGT technique were in agreement with those of the traditional colorimetric method.     

湖泊疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及磷迁移影响的模拟研究

选择太湖梅梁湾污染沉积物为研究对象,选取夏季和冬季两个典型季节,进行室内模拟试验研究了湖泊疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及磷迁移的影响.结果表明,研究区模拟疏浚20 cm能够有效地抑制沉积物发生再悬浮,冬季疏浚比夏季疏浚抑制效果更好,在扰动过程中夏季未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱总悬浮物(TSS)最大含量分别为初始值的7.0和2.2倍;而冬季未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱分别为24.3和6.4倍.统计分析发现,夏、冬两季模拟试验未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱中总磷(TP)、磷酸盐(PO34--P)含量都与TSS含量变化呈现显著正相关(P<0.05),表明风浪扰动造成大量沉积物再悬浮,并伴随内源磷的释放是水柱中TP和磷酸盐的主要来源.夏季模拟试验疏浚对水柱中TP和磷酸盐负荷控制效果略差,冬季模拟试验疏浚水柱中TP和磷酸盐含量都显著(P<0.01)低于未疏浚对照.利用薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术研究了夏季疏浚沉积物-水界面上间隙水中溶解态活性磷(DRP)垂向分布,未疏浚水土界面中间隙水DRP扩散层厚度大于疏浚样,但疏浚样间隙水DRP在水土界面的离子浓度势能大于未疏浚对照样,表明底泥疏浚可以有效地降低疏浚区间隙水中DRP潜在的释放风险,但水动力作用下短期内可能会导致疏浚间隙水中DRP释放.对于太湖这样的大型浅水湖泊,确定最佳的疏浚时令、疏浚深度及疏浚范围至关重要.     

三峡水库典型消落带土壤DOM组分特征及其对有效态镉释放影响

重金属镉（Cd）是三峡水库蓄水后消落带土壤中主要的重金属污染物之一.为研究三峡水库反季节调蓄条件下溶解性有机质（DOM）对有效态Cd在土壤固-液相间释放行为及其再补给过程的影响,以三峡水库香溪河消落带为研究对象,分别于2019年10月和2020年10月采集土壤样品,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱技术和荧光区域积分法分析土壤DOM光谱特性,同时结合梯度扩散薄膜技术（DGT）和土壤扩散通量模型（DIFS）综合探究土壤有效态Cd及其释放动力学过程.此外,测定了消落带土壤基本理化特性以及土壤中Cd含量和赋存形态.结果表明,研究区土壤DOM以富里酸为主,腐殖质特征较弱,具有陆源为主和内源较弱的混合特征,与2019年相比,2020年土壤DOM中富里酸类物质占比更高;2019年和2020年土壤ω（Cd）平均值分别为（0.474±0.301） mg·kg^-1和（0.249±0.058） mg·kg^-1,土壤中Cd的赋存形态均以非残渣态为主;DGT测定结果显示2020年土壤中有效态Cd含量较2019年呈下降趋势,进一步通过DIFS模型拟合结果表明,土壤中Cd的吸附速率大于解吸速率,土壤对有效态Cd的再补给能力较弱,表明三峡消落带土壤中有效态Cd的潜在释放风险较低,低分子量DOM和DOM中富里酸类物质是抑制土壤中有效态Cd释放的重要因素.研究结果揭示了三峡水库水文情势变化下DOM对重金属Cd环境地球化学行为的影响,为三峡库区重金属污染防治提供科学理论依据.     

大尺度薄板激光焊接前后的弹性实验

研究了激光焊接对大尺度薄板弹性的影响。实验测试了焊接前后的弹性ˉ位移曲线。通过显著性检验 ,判断弹性改变是否发生。实验结果对汽车行业采用激光加工技术具有一定的参考意义。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 >DGT_0.78 >DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.