稀有鮈鲫Dmrt基因家族13个成员的克隆与序列分析

已经发现果蝇Doublesex、线虫Mab-3、青DMRT1Y/DMY和人类DMRT1等性别决定与分化基因均含有一个具有DNA结合能力的保守基序--DM结构域,对性别决定和性别分化具有调控功能.利用简并PCR,从稀有鲫基因组DNA中克隆了13个具有不同DM结构域的Dmrt基因家族成员.基于DM保守基序,建立了各物种的进化树.结果表明,稀有鲫基因组存在多个Dmrt基因成员,该基因在脊椎动物和非脊椎动物中具有高度保守性,是一种理想的环境内分泌干扰物研究的分子模型,在分子生态毒理学研究中具有很好的应用前景.     

Robust benchmark dose determination based on profile score methods

We investigate several methods commonly used to obtain a benchmark dose and show that those based on full likelihood or profile likelihood methods might have severe shortcomings. We propose two new profile likelihood-based approaches which overcome these problems. Another contribution is the extension of the benchmark dose determination to non full likelihood models, such as quasi-likelihood, generalized estimating equations, which are widely used in settings such as developmental toxicity where clustered data are encountered. This widening of the scope of application is possible by the use of (robust) score statistics. Benchmark dose methods are applied to a data set from a developmental toxicity study.     

石油污染对非洲鲫鱼血清蛋白的影响

本文通过分析非洲鲫鱼清蛋白含量的变化，研究油对鱼类的致毒效应，试验结果表明，对血清蛋白影响的方式为：（１）油既能提高血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量，又能降低血清白蛋白含量和白蛋白／球蛋白的比值；（２）油对非洲鲫鱼血清蛋白产生作用的浓度阈值为０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

“大数据”预测分析与三丁基锡暴露有关疾病

通过毒理学“大数据”,挖掘三丁基锡（TBT）潜在的生物影响信息,预测分析TBT暴露与人类相关疾病的关系.通过比较毒理组学数据库（CTD）搜集到488个和TBT具有相互作用的基因.基因相互作用网络图显示TP53拥有相关联基因最多,处于中心地位;其次是ESR1和FN1.CTD分析与TBT相关的疾病,发现前10类疾病分别是癌症、神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病（女）、消化系统疾病、代谢疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病（男）、内分泌系统疾病、免疫系统疾病、呼吸道疾病.KEGG通路和DAVID基因功能注释分析,发现TBT不仅和代谢性疾病有较高的关联性,其相互作用基因在糖代谢途径上亦有较密集的基因功能注释.PASS的活性预测也发现TBT可能影响多种与糖代谢相关的酶生物活性.这提示TBT对糖代谢相关疾病的影响应引起人们的注意.     

应用体内和体外方法评价原油水溶性组分和原油污染的地表水对淡水生物的内分泌干扰潜力

目前关于原油对淡水水生脊椎动物内分泌信号的潜在影响的认知有限。本文以非洲爪蟾(爪蟾属，X. laevis)蝌蚪和莫桑比克罗非鱼幼鱼(口孵非鲫属，O. mossambicus)为研究对象，选择风化原油和未风化提炼后的原油这2种原油的水溶性组分(WAFs)进行暴露实验，选择出可作为内分泌信号改变的生物标志物的基因，对其表达进行了研究。此外，将X. laevis蝌蚪暴露于靠近地下石油库的地表水中，对上述基因表达做了定量分析。利用重组酵母对原油、原油水溶性组分和地表水的(抗)雌激素和(抗)雄激素性进行了评价。在X. laevis对2种原油WAFs的响应中，甲状腺激素受体β表达均显著下调，而另一种与甲状腺相关的基因，2型脱碘酶，在O. mossambicus暴露于高浓度的原油WAF时被上调。此外，这2种WAFs都改变了与脂肪生成相关的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ在X. laevis中的表达。原油和WAFs在体外表现出抗雌激素和抗雄性激素的活性。然而，O. mossambicus雄激素受体2作为唯一一个代表生殖系统的基因，受到WAF暴露的影响显著。在地表水样品中发现了雌激素、抗雌激素和抗雄激素的作用；但是，在暴露于地表水的X. laevis中没有观察到任何基因表达的明显变化。在所用的2种模式生物以及2种原油中，响应各不相同。尽管如此，这些数据提供了证据证明原油污染可能会因内分泌信号转变对淡水鱼和两栖动物的健康造成不利影响。
精选自Truter, J. C., van Wyk, J. H., Oberholster, P. J., Botha, A.-M. and Mokwena, L. M. (2017), An evaluation of the endocrine disruptive potential of crude oil water accommodated fractions and crude oil contaminated surface water to freshwater organisms using in vitroand in vivo approaches. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36: 1330–1342. doi: 10.1002/etc.3665
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3665/full
     

Effects of cimetidine and N-acetylcysteine on paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats: a preliminary study

Abstract

Lung injury in rats challenged with paraquat at 20?mg kg^?1 body weight was histopathologically evident by inflammation, hemorrhage, and vascular congestion. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione content, and lower tissue antioxidant capacity was found. The effects of N-acetylcysteine and cimetidine, a well-known potent inhibitor for organic cation transport, were examined. Lung injury was attenuated by N-acetylcysteine but not by cimetidine. The findings are consistent with the assumption that beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine administration in paraquat-challenged animals might be linked to its ability for preserving the cellular redox environment and preventing oxidative stress, while cimetidine might even hasten paraquat-induced lung injury. On the other hand, the effects of cimetidine on paraquat-induced lung injury underline the importance of future studies on the role of transporters in this complication.     

环境暴露致秀丽线虫衰老毒性及相关作用机制研究进展

衰老作为一个重要的评价终点,目前已经广泛应用于秀丽线虫环境暴露评价以及相关毒理学研究.系统总结了各种金属以及有机污染物暴露所致秀丽线虫衰老毒性;分析了胰岛素信号、应激反应与氧化应激、线粒体呼吸链、金属硫蛋白、金属诱导胁迫响应蛋白NUMR-1和NUMR-2等在环境暴露致秀丽线虫衰老毒性形成中的重要调控功能;指出了代谢变化...     

四种砷化合物对藻类生长及光合作用的影响——以三角褐指藻为例

为了给砷对生态系统的影响研究提供参考,利用调制叶绿素荧光技术探讨了自然环境中常见的4种形态的砷对三角褐指藻生长和光合作用的影响.结果表明,在36 h内,亚砷酸盐对藻类生物量的增长和光合活性都有明显的抑制作用;砷酸盐在抑制藻类生长的同时却因为干扰代谢而使藻类表现出光合活性的增强;一甲基砷酸盐和二甲基砷酸盐对藻类在这些方面的影响相对较弱.但对藻类光能利用效率、非光化学淬灭系数等还是产生了较明显的影响.因此,除亚砷酸盐毒性较强之外,其余几种砷化合物在宏观层次上都观测不到明显的生长抑制效应,但是在微观层次上已表现出对光合效应的不同影响.     

Assessing the chemical and biological accessibility of the herbicide isoproturon in soil amended with biochar

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMS) commonly found in commercially available products. D5 is expected to enter the terrestrial environment through the deposit of biosolids from sewage treatment plants onto agricultural fields for nutrient enrichment. Little to no information currently exists as to the risks of D5 to the terrestrial environment. In order to evaluate the potential risk to terrestrial organisms, the toxicity of a D5 contaminated biosolid in an agricultural soil was assessed with a battery of standardized soil toxicity tests.D5 was spiked into a surrogate biosolid and then mixed with a sandy loam soil to create test concentrations ranging from 0 to 4074 mg kg⁻¹. Plant (Hordeum vulgare (barley) and Trifolium pratense (red clover)) and soil invertebrates (Eisenia andrei (earthworm) and Folsomia candida (springtail)) toxicity tests were completed to assess for lethal and sub-lethal effects. Plant testing evaluated the effects on seedling emergence, shoot and root length, and shoot and root dry mass. Invertebrate test endpoints included adult lethality, juvenile production, and individual juvenile dry mass (earthworms only). Soil samples were collected over time to confirm test concentrations and evaluate the loss of chemical over the duration of a test. The toxicity of the D5 was species and endpoint dependent, such that no significant adverse effects were observed for T. pratense or E. andrei test endpoints, however, toxicity was observed for H. vulgare plant growth and F. candida survival and reproduction. Chemical losses of up to 50% were observed throughout the tests, most significantly at high concentrations.     

水环境中有机污染物对藻类毒理性的探讨

近年来,环境中的有机污染物对生态环境的破坏日益加剧,并严重威胁到了人类的生存和发展。藻类作为初级生产者,是整个生态系统物质循环和能量流动的基础,因此研究水环境中有机污染物对藻类的毒理性,对于环境污染的监测具有深远的意义。就有机污染物对藻类的毒性机理、藻类对有机污染物的敏感度等问题的研究现状进行综述,并对藻类在环境监测方面的应用前景进行展望。