工厂安全性评价指标体系科学性的间接测定方法

工厂安全性评价指标体系是评价工厂安全性工作的测定标准，指标体系的科学性和合理性与工厂安全性评价工作密切相关。工厂安全性评价指标体系科学性的间接测定方法是，采用直接测定结果作为间接测定指标体系的样本，再利用各指标之间的相关量，求出间接测定结果，通过直接评价结果与间接评价结果的比较，检查直接评价结果的准确程度，以分析修正指标体系。     

发射光谱法同时测定卷烟及晒烟中的有害微量元素

本文提出了同时测定卷烟和晒烟中有害元素Pb,Cd,Sn.V,Cr和Ni的原子发射光谱分析新方法。采用深孔电极粉末光谱法,优选了最佳的实验条件和仪器参数,考查了基体组分的影响。一次摄谱能同时测定以上六个元素。各元素的回收率在85.4—113％范围内,相对标准偏差在3.6—7.0％之间,用本法分析了6个实际样品,结果满意。方法可靠、适用。     

A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER1

Trace quantities of copper (II) ion can be found in natural water as waste products from industrial, mining, and agricultural operations. Because low concentrations of copper can be toxic to plant life, many workers have devised methods of analysis for this metal in water. These methods require expensive equipment and skilled technicians. The described study illustrates a simple method in which copper (II) ion is concentrated by a batch ion exchange technique and estimated colorimetrically after formation of the blue triethylenetetramine complex. Using the visible absorption peak of the complex at 600 nm it was possible to obtain accurate estimations of original copper concentrations in the range 0.5-3 ppm. Using the complex absorption peak at 260 nm in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum increased the sensitivity by a factor of twenty. Because of the dependence of the complex formation reaction on solution acidity it is possible to optimize conditions for the detection of copper (II) in the presence of other metal ions. This type of method, which could be extended to the analysis of other metal ions, could be performed by a relatively unskilled technician under field conditions.     

论环境侵权构成要件的若干问题

传统法学理论一般认为环境侵权构成要件包括：行为的违法性、损害事实和因果关系。在“行为的违法性”这一点上目前有不同的认识,但分歧主要发生在对“违法”这一概念内涵的不同理解上,外延判断上并无本质区别。本文将损害事实分为环境污染和致人损害两个阶段,违法行为只要已经造成环境污染,即使尚未致人损害,无论从法学的角度还是经济学的角度出发,都应认为构成环境侵权。     

非活动隐伏断层对结构地震反应的影响

采用有限元方法分别建立了包含隐伏断层和不包含断层的场地模型，分析了在各种频率水平入射波作用下该场地地面结构的动力反应。计算结果表明，隐伏断层对地面结构的动力反应有一定的放大作用，特别是当入射波的频率与场地的基频接近时，放大效应更为明显。这一结果说明，在包含隐伏断层的场地进行重大工程建设时，需要考虑断层对地震动的影响。     

BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SACRAMENTO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT OPTIONS1

ABSTRACT: This paper brings together spatially and temporally explicit mechanistic models of hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological processes with an economic model to examine water management alternatives for California's Sacramento River and Delta ecosystem, a large‐scale watershed. Overallocated water supplies in most years, combined with increasing demand for water for environmental purposes, have created a politically charged atmosphere and a need for quantitative assessment of the implications of policy alternatives. By developing and analyzing a common set of policy scenarios, this integrated framework allows us to consider tradeoffs between agricultural economic factors, water quality, and population dynamics for two at‐risk fish species. We analyze two rather extreme types of policy options; one involves structural modifications to change the flow of water within the watershed but no change in water diversions, while the other reallocates water from agricultural users to fish and wildlife. Results suggest that substantial environmental improvements could be made at a relatively modest cost to farmers (1 to 4 percent reductions in revenues) but that those costs could be significant locally. In addition to tradeoffs between farmers and environmental interests, results suggest that policy makers may need to balance competing environmental objectives.     

不同有机负荷下氮缺乏对活性污泥膨胀的影响

有机负荷与营养物缺乏是活性污泥处理工艺中引起污泥膨胀的2个重要因素.本文研究了在低有机负荷条件下氮缺乏对活性污泥膨胀的影响.试验结果表明,营养物充足时,低有机负荷下并不一定发生污泥膨胀,并且反应过程中发生不完全的硝化反应.当进水中缺氮时,低有机负荷下,由于微生物对自身细胞物质的分解代谢作用,剩余污泥量减少,代谢产物中的营养物质在一定程度上缓解了进水中氮缺乏的影响,使得污泥沉降性能恶化程度并不严重.同时,还对污泥膨胀的控制与恢复进行了研究.     

对DXF文件信息安全地提取机制研究

DXF文件作为AutoCAD所支持的中间文件格式 ,包含了AutoCAD工程图的全部信息。如果操作不当 ,不但得不到所需要的信息 ,而且还可能使文件的安全性遭到破坏。针对工程中提取文本图元信息这样的实际问题 ,通过研究DXF文件的构成 ,提出了实际可靠的算法 ,该算法具有一定的通用性 ,并且以word文件的格式给出得到的结果。如果需要其他图元信息 ,只要适当修改此算法就可以。     

中国地震灾害与人文要素的相关性分析

中国的地震灾害与人员伤亡为世界最严重的国家之一，这不仅由于地震多、震级大、烈度高，多数地方建筑物抗震性能较低，而且还与人文因素密切相关。本文着重讨论了人品密度与震害伤亡人数的相关性，并分析了作息时间、作业方式、地震预报、心理状态等人文要素与震害伤亡人数的相关性。     

非均质地层中压力集中型预应力锚索受力分析研究

实际锚固工程中锚固体往往处于非均质地层中,通过将锚固体处理为一系列与地层条件相匹配的锚固子单元,建立了各锚固子单元的受力分析模型,利用各锚固子单元之间的相互作用关系建立了非均质地层中压力集中型预应力锚索锚固体受力分析方法,编写了相应的计算分析程序,并进一步通过算例证明了本文所提出的计算方法和程序的正确性。最后,通过对一压力集中型预应力锚索的受力分析成果与现场测试结果的对比,表明本文提出的分析方法和程序是可行的。