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排序方式: 共有2034条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
871.
Modeling China's semiconductor industry fluorinated compound emissions and drafting a roadmap for climate protection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Scott C. Bartos Nina Kshetry C. Shepherd Burton 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(4):665
Fluorinated compounds (FC) are high-global warming potential (GWP) greenhouse gases used and emitted during the manufacture of silicon semiconductor devices. Following the U.S. EPA's PFC Emissions Vintage Model (PEVM), uncontrolled FC emissions are modeled as proportional to total manufactured layer area (TMLA) of silicon. FC emissions of World Semiconductor Council (WSC) charter member countries (Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States), which voluntarily committed in 1999 to lower FC emissions by 2010 to 10% of baseline year emissions, are modeled for the period 1995–2020. For this same period, emissions from Chinese manufacturers under alternative emission reduction scenarios are modeled. If Chinese manufacturers were to adopt a baseline year of 2005 and a reduction target of 10% below baseline year emissions to be achieved by 2020, emissions would be 3.4 MMTCO2eq, comparable to the similarly projected controlled emissions of an average WSC charter member country (=16.3/5 MMTCO2eq) in 2020. The relative stringency of the alternative reduction scenarios considered for China vary between 50 and 95% reduction compared to business as usual (BAU). This is comparable to the stringency of the WSC charter members’ goals for which FC emission reduction technologies are currently available. 相似文献
872.
We investigated the effects of ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation on (i) the performance and chemistry of soybean plants, (ii) the performance of Spodoptera frugiperda and (iii) the foraging behavior of the herbivore's natural enemy Cotesia marginiventris which exploits herbivore-induced plant volatiles (VOC) for host location. The accumulation of protective phenolics was faster in plants receiving ambient UV than in controls exposed to sun light lacking UV. Accordingly, isorhamnetin- and quercetin-based flavonoids were increased in UV exposed plants. No UV effects were found on the performance and feeding behavior of S. frugiperda. Herbivore-damaged plants emitted the same VOC when grown under ambient or attenuated UV for 5, 10 or 30 days. Consequently, C. marginiventris was attracted but did not discriminate between exposed and unexposed soybeans. In summary, ambient UV radiation affected soybean morphology and physiology but did not destabilize interactions between trophic levels. 相似文献
873.
A review of personal care products in the aquatic environment: environmental concentrations and toxicity 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Considerable research has been conducted examining occurrence and effects of human use pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment; however, relatively little research has been conducted examining personal care products although they are found more often and in higher concentrations than pharmaceuticals. Personal care products are continually released into the aquatic environment and are biologically active and persistent. This article examines the acute and chronic toxicity data available for personal care products and highlights areas of concern. Toxicity and environmental data were synergized to develop a preliminary hazard assessment in which only triclosan and triclocarban presented any hazard. However, numerous PCPs including triclosan, paraben preservatives, and UV filters have evidence suggesting endocrine effects in aquatic organisms and thus need to be investigated and incorporated in definitive risk assessments. Additional data pertaining to environmental concentrations of UV filters and parabens, in vivo toxicity data for parabens, and potential for bioaccumulation of PCPs needs to obtained to develop definitive aquatic risk assessments. 相似文献
874.
C. Barata M.C. Fabregat D. Huertas L. Quirós L. Jover J.O. Grimalt 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):704-101
Blood biomarkers and levels of major pollutants in eggs and feathers were used to determine pollution effects in nestlings of the Purple Heron Ardea purpurea and the Little Egret Egretta garzetta, sampled on three Ebro River (NE Spain) areas: a reference site, a site affected by the effluents of a chlor-alkali industry and the river Delta. The two impacted heron populations showed mutually different pollutant and response patterns, suggesting different sources of contamination. In the population nesting near the chlor-alkali plant, elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in eggs, and mercury in feathers in A. purpurea chicks were related with reduced blood antioxidant defenses and increased levels of micronuclei. In Ebro Delta, high levels of plasmatic lactate dehydrogenase in A. purpurea chicks and high frequency of micronuclei in blood of both species were tentatively associated with intensive agricultural activities taking place in the area. These results provide the first evidence of a biological response in heron chicks to the release of pollutants at a chlor-alkali plant. 相似文献
875.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were detected in sediment core samples collected in Tokyo Bay to reveal their time trends. The core sample deposited during 1950s-2004 was divided into two- to three-year intervals and the concentrations of 24 types of PFCs were determined. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) decreased gradually from the early 1990s and its precursor decreased rapidly in the late 1990s, whereas perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increased rapidly. The observed trends were regarded as a reflection of the shift from perfluorooctyl sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF)-based products to telomer-based products after the phaseout of PFOSF-based products in 2001. The branched isomers of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) were detected in the sample with its ratio of linear-isomer/branched-isomer concentrations decreasing. In this study, we revealed that the sediment core can serve as a tool for reconstructing the past pollution trend of PFCs and can provide interesting evidence concerning their environmental dynamics and time trend. 相似文献
876.
Song Qu Shoubin Fan Gang Wang Wanqing He Kangli Xu Lei Nie Yuncheng Zhao Qingchun Zhu Tingting Li Guohao Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(11):57-65
Improving our understanding of air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry is critical for the development and implementation of pollution control policies. In this study, the spatial distribution of potential maximum emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures, as well as the particulate matter (PM), asphalt fume, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), VOCs, and benzoapyrene (BaP) emissions from typical processes (e.g., asphalt and concrete mixing stations, asphalt heating boilers, and asphalt storage tanks) in asphalt mixing plants, were determined in Beijing in 2017. The results indicated that the potential maximum emissions of VOCs in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures were 18,001 ton, with a large contribution from the districts of Daxing, Changping, and Tongzhou. The total emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, VOCs, and BaP from asphalt mixing plants were 3.1, 12.6, 3.1, 23.5, and 1.9 × 10?3 ton, respectively. The emissions of PM from asphalt and concrete mixing stations contributed the most to the total emissions. The asphalt storage tank was the dominant emission source of VOCs, accounting for 96.1% of the total VOCs emissions in asphalt mixing plants, followed by asphalt heating boilers. The districts of Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi were the dominant regions for the emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, and BaP, while the districts of Shunyi, Tongzhou, and Changping contributed the most emissions of VOCs. 相似文献
877.
878.
We have aimed at characterizing top soil samples taken in-situ from five different locations of the unregulated dumping site
in Eskişehir/Turkey for a period of six months. The study is the first attempt in the city and in Turkey, regarding particularly
the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction Technique) analysis method utilized. A comprehensive research has been conducted to
produce critical soil data to be used for indicating current risks as well as the urgency of rehabilitating the site and establishing
a sanitary landfill in the site. Conventional physicochemical analytical methods and SPME technique were used to analyze the
samples. Physicochemical analyses were performed for determining the pH, total dried matter, volatile matter, total nitrogen,
phosphorus, macro elements and heavy metals. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same period. SPSS.10.0 statistical
program was used to determine the correlation between meteorological data and physicochemical analysis results. Mean values
were used in the correlation analyses. These data indicated that the air temperature and precipitation have significant effects
on soil characteristics. SPME, coupled with GC/MS, was used to identify eighty six volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds
contained in soil samples. The samples were extracted by headspace SPME with heating (δHS-SPME). SPME analyses were conducted
using a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber having a film thickness of 65 μm (Supelco)
as a capture medium. The experimentally optimized headspace sampling conditions were arranged (15 min. at 50˚C) before a 30 min. sampling period. 相似文献
879.
880.
污泥直接干化产生的恶臭及挥发性有机物特征研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
利用水泥窑高温的特性协同处置城市污水厂污泥,无害化处置污泥的同时实现能源再生利用.本研究实地调查和监测广州越堡水泥有限公司污泥干化生产线的干化尾气成分,解析污泥干化过程产生恶臭及挥发性有机物的特征和主要来源,为污泥的有效处理处置提供科学的参考依据.结果表明,干化尾气中带有大量的恶臭物质及挥发性有机物.恶臭物质以二氧化硫等含硫物质为主,挥发性有机物以苯系物为主.污泥的性质以及热介质(窑尾气)的成分对恶臭物质及挥发性有机物的产生有影响.经过干化,污泥中的总有机物显著减少.蛋白质、挥发性脂肪酸、多糖等有机物含量也明显降低.干化尾气中的挥发性有机物来自于污泥中的有机物;二氧化硫、二硫化碳等含硫物质一部分源自污泥中的含硫物质,一部分来自于用于干化污泥的窑尾气. 相似文献