沥青尾气的处理

阐述了沥青尾气直接燃烧法处理工艺及净化效果。提出采用FQJI型有机废气全氧化净化装置,处理沥青尾气的方案。该装置既可直接燃烧,又可催化焚烧;对不同处理对象,在全氧化温度250℃～900℃内,选用不同的氧化温度,可获得最佳净化效果。     

沥青路面环境问题浅谈

简要分析公路沥青路面在建设期、使用期和服务期满后存在的主要环境问题,并论述各种环境问题产生的原因、危害及其简单的处理方法和措施.     

沥青路面车辙病害成因与防治措施

目前沥青路面出现车辙的现象十分普遍,应该引起人们普遍关注。本文在分析沥青混凝土路面车辙的形成原因及影响因素的基础上,提出在沥青路面设计、施工控制和管理等各个环节采取相应的对策措施。     

废旧沥青混合料的再生利用研究

经过对多种炼厂废料的大量实验比较分析,由于A#剂与B#剂在化学组成上具有互补性,可以将二者按一定比例混合作为复合再生剂。通过一定比例复合再生剂的调和作用,成功地使废旧沥青再生。再生后沥青性质完全满足重交通道路石油沥青质量标准(GB50092-96)的要求。     

沥青烟中苯并（a）芘的等速采样与监测

新的大气污染综合排放标准对沥青及碳素制品生产和加工制定了标准，然而空气和废气监测分析，方法没有给出沥青烟气中苯并（ａ）芘的分析方法，该文用气相色固定谱固定液滤筒等速采样，进行沥青烟苯并（ａ）芘的分析，及其设计的气态衍生物富集器，为执行新的大气污染物综合排放标准提供了可行的技术保证。     

流化吸附法净化处理沥青烟气的研究

以炉灰渣为吸附剂，在流化状态下吸附净化沥青烟气的实验室小试表明，炉灰渣的吸附容量高达１８５ｍｇ／ｇ，一次性净化效率为９９％。该工艺具有运转成本低．操作简单和以废治废的特点，为治理沥青烟气污染提供一条新途径。     

关于沥青厂二级气浮后污水处理的探讨

应用Ｐ．Ｆ．Ｓ和助剂的化学沉降法处理沥青厂二级气浮后的污水，处理后污水不仅达到排放标准，还可作工业冷却水用、实现污水闭路循环。     

压电陶瓷废料在阻尼减振材料中的应用

首次将压电陶瓷生产过程中产生的废料复合进阻尼减振沥青 ,既解决了压电陶瓷废料的处理问题 ,又制作出了性能更好的沥青基复合阻尼减振材料     

乌海市炭素企业沥青烟气的监测分析与治理研究

本文通过对乌海市三家炭素企业排放烟气的监测（重点监测、苯并[a]芘）并进行数据分析。结合炭素生产工艺流程进行研究。提出了对沥青烟气治理所采取的相应措施。为做好乌海市炭素企业沥青烟气监测及改善沥青烟气污染状况提供了一定的参考依据。     

Use of coupling agents to stabilize asphalt–rubber–gravel composite to improve its mechanical properties

The mechanical performance of rubber-modified asphalt roads depends, besides the intrinsic properties of the constituents (asphalt, rubber and gravel), on their interfaces. To improve the adhesion between constituents, two different coupling agents were required: one to link asphalt with the rubber particles to stabilize the composite creating an elastic network in the interior of the material to improve its elastic recovery, and other to increase the adhesion between the hydrophobic asphalt and the hydrophilic gravel. A phenolic resin was used to link the rubber particles with the asphalt, while a switterionic molecule (phosphatidyl-choline) was used to change the OH groups on the gravel surface by hydrocarbon chains to make it compatible with the asphalt.     

电捕法在炭素焙烧炉烟气净化中的应用

针对炭素焙烧炉的烟气特点,采用雾化水预处理和电捕焦油技术,对炭素厂焙烧炉烟气进行治理,达到高效净化有害气体—沥青烟的目的。     

微波处理沥青烟气的探讨研究

采用响应曲面分析法,对微波处理沥青尾气时,管式炉加热温度、沥青烟预热温度及流量对处理沥青烟的影响进行了分析。结果表明:微波高温加热处理沥青烟气的方法,大大提高了焚烧法处理沥青尾气的效率,并且具有成本降低、设备简单、易于操作、易于控制、系统阻力较小、污染小等特点,这一工艺的提出,也为沥青烟气的处理方法开拓了新的道路。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.