BiOCl/SiO2/Fe3O4复合材料可见光催化去除水中亚甲基蓝

以FeCl_3·6H_2O、FeCl_2·4H_2O、(C_2H_5)_4SiO_4、Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O、KCl为主要原料,采用化学共沉淀法和水热法制备了BiOCl/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4光催化剂,并对其进行EDS、TEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis表征,最后通过亚甲基蓝降解实验,研究了催化剂在合成过程中pH及催化剂投加量对其光催化性能的影响.结果表明,在pH=6、催化剂初始投加量为0.5 g·L~(-1)时,对亚甲基蓝的可见光催化效果最佳,光照120 min后对10 mg·L~(-1)的亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率达到93.2%.BiOCl/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4经过简单的无水乙醇和水洗后,可高效重复利用4次.综合表明,BiOCl/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4是一种在处理染料废水中具有应用前景的磁性光催化剂.     

不同光照条件下浒苔与三种赤潮微藻的竞争

针对苏北浅滩水体浊度高、营养盐含量大、且被大多数学者认为是南黄海绿潮起源的实际情况,本文通过室内培养实验,研究了不同光照条件（0~4500lx）下浒苔与中肋骨条藻、东海原甲藻和新月菱形藻对营养盐的竞争作用;并与苏北浅滩实际水体光照相结合,评估了浒苔与3种微藻在不同深度下的生理状态.浒苔与微藻的竞争,是决定暴发何种藻华的关键因素之一.结果表明,与3种微藻相比,浒苔对光照的适应性更强,最大日均相对增长率为11.91%/d.微藻与浒苔共培养时,生长情况明显劣于单独培养,中肋骨条藻、东海原甲藻和新月菱形藻的生长抑制率分别为30%~46%,3%~44%,25%~41%,并且不同微藻对竞争作用的响应不同.营养盐监测数据表明,对有限营养盐的争夺是浒苔和微藻竞争作用的主要机制,研究结果为苏北浅滩浒苔绿潮的暴发机制提供了依据.     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

UV和UV/H2O2工艺对水中二嗪磷的降解

在低压汞灯（LPUV,253.7nm）光照条件下,研究了过氧化氢（H₂O₂）加入量对二嗪磷降解动力学、产物生成和降解途径的影响规律与作用机理.结果表明,二嗪磷水溶液在单独UV和UV/H₂O₂工艺中的降解反应均符合准一级反应动力学,且反应速率常数（k）随H₂O₂加入量的增加而增大,H₂O₂加入量为0,5,10mg/L时的k分别为0.0234,0.0301,0.0341min-1.在UV光照处理条件下,二嗪磷水溶液中的溶解性有机碳（DOC）随H₂O₂加入量的增加而降低,但其矿化度均相对较低（光照120min时的DOC去除率均低于20%）.此外,UV光照处理时,H₂O₂的加入对二嗪磷光氧化降解产物的种类及生成量均存在显著影响.二嗪磷水溶液单独UV光照处理60min时检出了8种中间/降解产物,但经UV/H₂O₂工艺处理60min时仅检出了6种中间/降解产物,且不同H₂O₂加入量时的光氧化降解产物生成量或浓度及随UV光照处理时间的变化幅度与趋势均存在较大程度的差别.基于二嗪磷及其降解产物的定性、（半）定量分析结果,提出了二嗪磷水溶液在单独UV和UV/H₂O₂工艺中的降解途径与机理.     

太阳跟踪聚光高加速老化试验系统特性研究

目的对自主研制的基于"冷光"反射镜户外高加速光老化系统特性展开研究。方法利用大气环境条件监测技术获得系统样机关键性能数据。结果"冷光"反射镜在295～700 nm波长范围内的反射率达到90%以上,增强了系统样机在该波长范围内的反射太阳光谱,在310nm波段处获得约3.5倍太阳直射辐照强度。聚光太阳辐照分布均匀,靶板处平均辐照强度最大可达0.655 W/(m2·nm),标准偏差为2.6%。白天样品表面温度不超过直接暴露样品表面温度10℃,样品周围空气湿度与大气相对湿度接近,并可通过喷淋系统控制样品周围空气的相对湿度,以模拟多种自然气候环境。结论经过对比系统太阳光谱、辐照强度及温湿度等特性数据,系统增强了紫外辐照强度,并有效控制了试验样品的温度和湿度,可为系统自然加速试验老化机理及相关性研究提供数据支持。     

广州冬季气溶胶中水溶性有机物和类腐殖质的吸光性和荧光光谱特性

利用紫外-可见光谱与三维荧光-平行因子分析法(EEM-PARAFAC),研究了广州市2014年12月～2015年1月大气气溶胶中水溶性有机物(WSOC)和类腐殖质(HULIS)的吸光性和荧光光谱特征.结果表明,广州冬季气溶胶中HULIS的芳香性(SUVA254)、腐殖化程度(HIX)和光吸收效率(MAE365)均高于WSOC.利用EEM-PARAFAC从WSOC和HULIS解析出了类富里酸(C1)、类腐殖酸(C2)和类蛋白(C3)这3种荧光组分.其中类腐殖质组分(C1+C2)分别占WSOC和HULIS中总荧光组分的78%和85%,说明类腐殖荧光组分是WSOC和HULIS的最主要组成,且HULIS富集了更多的WSOC中主要的类腐殖组分.另外,灰霾期的WSOC和HULIS表现出更高的芳香性、腐殖化程度和C2组分,说明灰霾期有助于大分子量吸光性有机质的形成.相关性分析结果显示,WSOC和HULIS的C1组分相对含量与HIX、MAE365、OCsec、K+、SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+呈现极显著的负相关关系,而C2与它们之间存在极显著的正相关关系.由此说明,WSOC和HULIS中C1的降低和C2的增加会引起它们的腐殖化程度和光吸收能力的增强;同时生物质燃烧排放和二次气溶胶过程可能有助于C2组分的增加.     

Effects of Light Zenith Angle Variation on Spectral Responses of a Water Body’s Environmental Quality

The effect of light source zenith angle (θ_z) variation on the spectral reflectance measurement from sediment-laden water was studied in the laboratory using a spectroradiometer. Light source zenith angle in addition to sediment characteristics and concentration play a dominant role in affecting the reflectance characteristics of a suspension. With an increase in θ_z values, an increase in spectral reflectance is observed. The spectral reflectance characteristics of a water body also increase with the sediment concentration for all soil types and at all wavelengths. Empirical relationships between the spectral reflectance, suspended sediment concentration, and the light source zenith angle have been developed. Such a remote sensing technique for monitoring the concentration of the suspended sediment and their characteristics is a useful tool for economical estimation of a large water body’s quality related parameters vis-a-vis its environmental quality.Retd. Professor of Environmental Engineering & Pollution Control, Presently Residing at Makkhan Kutir, Bhargava Lane, Devpura, Haridwar-249401, India.Former Ph.D. student.     

滇池水体除藻材料的除藻作用试验研究

利用昆明地区的粘土矿制作新型轻质除藻材料,试验研究该材料对滇池湖水中藻类的除藻及净化作用.实验室小试(20 L)结果表明,该除藻材料放入滇池水样实验70 d后,水质明显好转,藻类去除率可达95.8%,CODMn、TN及TP的去除率分别为34.4%、81.5%、28.2%.在滇池湖边300 m2水面围栏扩大试验结果显示,除藻材料放入试验区水体10 d后,水体中藻类含量明显减少,水体透光率从55%增加到80%,水质状况也有很大改善.研究结果表明,该材料具有良好的湖泊水体除藻及净化作用,有必要对其开展进一步的深入研究.     

不同碳源及光照对小球藻生长和产油脂的影响

考察了3种碳源(葡萄糖、NaHCO3和乙酸钠)在不同初始质量浓度和光照条件下对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长和产油脂的影响。采用OD680和生物量来评价小球藻的生长情况;以溶剂浸提法提取生物油脂,并以油脂质量分数和油脂产量来描述产油脂特性。结果表明,经过9 d的培养,3种碳源中葡萄糖是最佳有机碳源。由其培养的小球藻生长速率最快,由NaHCO3培养的小球藻的生长效果不如葡萄糖,而乙酸钠不利于小球藻的生长。随着光照的增强,小球藻光合效率提高,生物量逐渐提高,5 000 lx最利于小球藻的生长,而1 600 lx最利于小球藻油脂的积累。研究表明,光照5 000 lx下,初始质量浓度为15 g/L的葡萄糖作为碳源是小球藻适宜的生长和产油条件,获得了3.17 g/L的最大生物量和1.025 g/L的最大油脂产量。