Heat transfer of vapor chamber with different types of microchannels

Two 40-mm × 35-mm × 1.525-mm micro vapor chambers were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching on silicon substrates and tested in this study. One vapor chamber exhibited convergent microchannels, whose widest and narrowest width were 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the other exhibited discontinuous microchannels having width of 0.3 mm. Those micro vapor chambers that were filled with deionized water in a filling ratio of approximately 48% were tested with various titled angles and input powers. The results showed that the thermal performance of the vapor chamber having discontinuous microchannels was inferior because the spacing between microchannelend and the micropostin both condensing and evaporating sections was too far to return the condensed fluid from condensing section to the evaporating section of the vapor chamber. On the contrary, the convergent microchannel in the other vapor chamber enhanced capillary force, so that the condensed liquid could be successfully forced from the condensing section to the evaporating section even with top heating mode (–90°). The thermal resistance of the vapor chamber having convergent micro channels with top heating mode was 2.08°C/W at 22 W, while the thermal resistance of the vapor chamber with horizontal heating mode was 1.46°C/W at 28 W.     

有机污染土壤通风去污技术优化设计

有机污染土壤通风去污技术（SVE）是一种经济，安全的场内治理技术，SVE优化设计包括建立污染土壤通风去污模型和抽排去污流场模型，并以此为基础算工程费用，用一虚拟工况对提出的模型及计算公式进行了验证。     

加油站油气排放治理技术

分析了国内外加油站的油气排放治理现状，指出对我国加油站的油气排放进行全面治理已迫在眉睫。针对我国加油站油气排放的特点并在现有技术基础上，提出了“冷凝+吸附”油气处理集成技术，并借助Aspen模拟软件及实验对此技术进行了研究，结果认为该技术回收率高达99.2％，油气尾气浓度可控制在11.2 g/m³。该技术原理简单，成本低，可为提高加油站的本质安全、环境保护及节能降耗提供有力的技术支撑。     

GC-MS检测济南市东部空气中气相与颗粒物上有机污染物

用GDX-101吸附剂和玻璃纤维滤膜(GF)同时采集气相和颗粒物上有机污染物,样品经提取分离后用GC-MS进行定性分析.结果表明,颗粒物上有机污染物的种类和含量都高于气相,工业区空气中有机污染较生活区严重,仍以燃煤、燃油污染为主.     

冷凝膜油气回收技术在轻质油汽车装车中的应用

介绍了油气回收技术的基本原理,着重介绍了冷凝膜回收工艺技术的特点,及冷凝膜回收装置在中国石化青岛石油化工有限责任公司轻质油汽车装车的应用情况,分析了存在的问题及改进建议。     

Emission rates of chlorinated volatile organics from new and used consumer products found during vapor intrusion investigations: Impact on indoor air concentrations

Consumer products can emit chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) that complicate vapor intrusion (VI) assessments. Assessment protocols acknowledge the need to remove these products during VI investigations, but they can be problematic to identify and locate. Predicting if the products cause detectable air concentrations is also difficult since emission rate information is limited and can vary with product use and age. In this study, the emission rates of 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and carbon tetrachloride from four consumer products identified as indoor sources during VI field investigations were measured under laboratory conditions using a flow through system. Emissions of PCE from an adhesive container tube ranged from 1.33 ± 1.13 μg/min (unopened) to 23.9 ± 2.93 μg/min (previously opened). The laboratory-measured emission rates were used to estimate indoor air concentrations, which were then compared to concentrations measured after the products placed were into an actual residence. The estimated and measured indoor air concentrations were generally comparable, showing that emission rate information can be used to determine the relative impact of internal CVOC sources.     

Assessing the strength of climate and land-use influences on montane epiphyte communities

Epiphytes, air plants that are structurally dependent on trees, are a keystone group in tropical forests; they support the food and habitat needs of animals and influence water and nutrient cycles. They reach peak diversity in humid montane forests. Climate predictions for Central American mountains include increased temperatures, altered precipitation seasonality, and increased cloud base heights, all of which may challenge epiphytes. Although remaining montane forests are highly fragmented, many tropical agricultural systems include trees that host epiphytes, allowing epiphyte communities to persist even in landscapes with lower forest connectivity. I used structural equations models to test the relative effects of climate, land use, tree characteristics, and biotic interactions on vascular epiphyte diversity with data from 31 shade coffee farms and 2 protected forests in northern Nicaragua. I also tested substrate preferences of common species with randomization tests. Tree size, tree diversity, and climate all affected epiphyte richness, but the effect of climate was almost entirely mediated by bryophyte cover. Bryophytes showed strong sensitivity to mean annual temperature and insolation. Many ferns and some orchids were positively associated with bryophyte mats, whereas bromeliads tended to establish among lichen or on bare bark. The tight relationships between bryophytes and climate and between bryophytes and vascular epiphytes indicated that relatively small climate changes could result in rapid, cascading losses of montane epiphyte communities. Currently, shade coffee farms can support high bryophyte cover and diverse vascular epiphyte assemblages when larger, older trees are present. Agroforests serve as valuable reservoirs for epiphyte biodiversity and may be important early-warning systems as the climate changes.     

新型柱状核桃壳活性炭脱硫动力学

采用以农业废弃物核桃壳为原料,天然软锰矿为添加剂共混制成的新型柱状活性炭进行了不同水蒸气含量下的烟气脱硫实验,利用Bangham和Elovich 2种模型对实验结果进行模拟与比较。实验结果表明,随着水蒸气含量的增加,穿透硫容和时间逐渐增加,并在水蒸气含量为10%时达到最大点,此时硫容为243.0 mg/g。模拟结果表明,2种模型均可以较好地模拟烟气脱硫实验结果,其中Elovich模型具有更高的拟合相关度和准确性。在对Elovich模型加以改进以包含水蒸气影响后,可以更好地描述烟气在不同水蒸气含量下的新型柱状活性炭脱硫情况。     

Extinguishment of hydrogen laminar diffusion flames by water vapor in a cup burner apparatus

Transient computations with full hydrogen chemistry were performed to reveal the flame structure and extinguishment process of co-flow, hydrogen diffusion flame suppressed by water vapor. As the concentration of water vapor was increased, the flame detached away from the burner brim and formed an edge flame at the flame base. Water vapor showed larger chemical inhibition effect than nitrogen when extinguishing hydrogen flame, which was attributed to its enhanced third body effect in the reaction H + O₂ + M = HO₂ + M. The minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of water vapor and nitrogen was predicted by Senecal formula and perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) model respectively. The MECs predicted by PSR model agree with the MECs calculated by Fluent, which shows that 1) the flame extinction is controlled by the flame base, and 2) radiation absorption is negligible. The measured MECs are in a reasonable agreement with the values calculated by Fluent, which demonstrates the accuracy of the CFD model. A simple model was used to investigate the relative importance of extinguishing mechanisms of water vapor. The results show that in a co-flow configuration the thermal cooling and chemical inhibition effect are the main extinguishing mechanisms in suppressing hydrogen diffusion cup burner flame.     

浅述汽车加油站油气回收系统监测研究

加油站油气回收系统是由卸油油气回收系统、汽油密闭储存、加油油气回收系统、在线监测系统和油气排放处理装置组成。该系统的作用是将加油站在卸油、储油和加油过程中产生的油气,通过密闭收集、储存和送入油罐汽车的罐内,运送到储油库集中回收变成汽油,以达到在汽车加油、油料储运过程中油汽不外泄,不污染周边环境的目的。根据中华人民共和国《加油站大气污染物排放标准》(GB 20952-2007)中第六条的规定,长三角地区的改造项目应在2010年1月1日进行,因此对加油站油气回收系统的监测显得十分紧迫。