绍兴市某工业区大气中挥发性有机物污染状况的研究

运用便携式气相色谱质谱仪,分析研究绍兴市某工业区大气中挥发性有机污染物的组成及污染状况,主要污染物的平均浓度范围在18.9~348μg/m³之间,初步掌握工业区内挥发性有机污染物的来源,为今后大气污染事故的应急处理和预防,提供信息支持与技术保障。     

石化污水处理场排放废气中有机污染的分析与评价

采用预浓缩、气相色谱-质谱联用及脉冲火焰光度检测的方法对石化污水处理场排放的废气污染物进行了定性与定量分析,并采用相应的污染物排放标准及其人体感知嗅阈值进行了污染程度评价.结果表明,污水处理场在各个采样点位均有挥发性有机污染物和恶臭污染物检出,其中以污水进口最为严重.从检出物的浓度水平而言,苯系物和恶臭污染物均存在超标现象,而且检出的恶臭污染物浓度水平远高于人体感知嗅阈值.     

淄博化工园区大气有机污染应急监测与管理对策

针对工业聚集区内多种恶臭混杂的情况，以淄博化工园区为例，研究了大气有机污染突发事件中有机物的应急监测方法，并提出了治理对策。利用便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪，对重点企业事先监测，掌握各企业特征污染物，作为应急监测查找污染源头的依据；现场分析受污染空气中的化合物组成及浓度，通过查询、比对各企业特征污染物，确认责任排污企业。提出了末端监测处罚治理与对重点污染企业推行清洁生产相结合，应急监测与有机污染物在线监测相结合，建立企业污染源特征组分数据库，加强企业无组织排放监测与监管等治理大气有机污染的建议。     

2019—2021年徐州市大气细颗粒物化学组成特征及来源解析

徐州市地处四省交界，大气污染物来源复杂，颗粒物污染在气象条件不利时较为显著。通过地面观测数据、颗粒物组分连续观测、源解析及轨迹溯源等方法，对徐州市2019—2021年颗粒物变化特征进行了全面分析，以定量解析各类污染源的贡献，识别对颗粒物贡献显著的化学成分。结果表明：PM_2.5各组分质量占比中二次无机盐和有机碳相对较高，其中二次无机盐SNA(SO■、NO^-₃、NH⁺₄)占比达到59.1%～62.7%;水溶性离子总浓度逐年降低，但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺浓度2021年分别同比增加2%和12.5%,说明扬尘污染存在反弹。秋冬季水溶性离子明显较高，Cl^-浓度明显高于其他季节，表明徐州市秋冬季受移动源、燃煤源和二次有机气溶胶共同影响。PM_2.5中OC与EC质量浓度比为4.88～8.40,说明徐州市颗粒物受多源影响，柴油、汽油机动车尾气排放以及燃煤排放对颗粒物贡献较大。后向轨迹分析表明，污染严重的1月污染物主...     

济南市空气中颗粒物来源与防治对策

颗粒物(总悬浮颗粒物TSP及可吸入颗粒物PM10)已成为济南市空气污染的首要污染物,其主要来源为扬尘、煤烟尘和风沙尘.三类尘对TSP和PM10的贡献分别为扬尘:34%和30%、煤烟尘:25%和19%、风沙尘:18%和22%.文中在阐明颗粒物源解析的分析方法及结果基础上,提出了颗粒物污染的防治对策.     

天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的分布特征

采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对天津市空气颗粒物中15种酞酸酯(PAEs)夏季和冬季的浓度进行了分析测定,研究了酞酸酯污染水平的季节变化,不同季节酞酸酯的功能区差异,15种酞酸酯在颗粒物中的分布特征,以及DBP和DEHP在夏冬两季中的污染特点,分析了产生上述结果的原因,基本说明了天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的污染状况和特点。     

秸秆焚烧对哈尔滨市灰霾天气的影响

2015年11月1—4日,哈尔滨市及周边地区发生了连续的灰霾天气,颗粒物浓度急剧升高。污染发生时,监测仪器均布设在哈尔滨市区上风向30 km处(哈尔滨市双城区)并开展了连续96 h的监测分析。综合利用气象观测资料,3D可视激光雷达监测资料及地面空气污染监测资料分析了灰霾天气发生的气象条件和污染边界层特征,根据哈尔滨市双城区大气污染物排放源谱库对主要成分进行来源解析,结合颗粒物质量浓度和气象条件研究了秸秆焚烧对灰霾天气的影响。结果表明,灰霾天气持续期间,夜间生物质燃烧源成为该地区颗粒物的第二大源;秸秆焚烧产生的大气污染物,由于地面长时间静风,污染边界层降低等原因,致使本地污染物累积、不易扩散,加剧了本次污染。     

江苏泰州城市霾天和沙尘天气溶胶中细菌群落结构特征研究

近年来,空气污染已成为长三角地区最关键的环境问题之一,气溶胶颗粒物(PM)是最主要的污染物之一.生物气溶胶作为颗粒物的重要组成部分,可能对空气质量和人体健康产生不利影响.利用高通量测序方法研究了江苏省泰州2019年11月至2020年1月期间发生沙尘和霾污染时生物气溶胶中细菌群落结构组成特征.结果表明:冬季沙尘天和霾天气...     

废气净化装置排气中有机污染物的气相色谱/质谱分析

利用活性炭对有机污染物具有较强的吸附和定量解吸的能力，对废气净化装置排气中的有机污染物进行吸附采样、溶剂解吸及气相色谱／质谱分析，可以克服气相色谱法依赖标样保留值定性的不足，扩大了定性范围，提高了准确度。     

丰水期阿克苏河水系中挥发性有机物污染现状

近年来,随着阿克苏地区经济的快速发展和工业活动的增加,阿克苏河的水环境质量受到越来越多的关注,但对其挥发性有机物污染状况的研究却鲜有报道。本研究采用气相色谱/质谱法,选取了有代表性的17个采样点位对丰水期阿克苏地区地表水中挥发性有机污染物的种类和含量进行了测定,对检出污染物的情况进行了分析探讨。     

Air pollutants and the characterization of the organic content of aerosol particles in a mixed industrial/semi-rural area in central Italy

Both regulated and unregulated air pollutants were detected during an intensive seasonal sampling campaign in a mixed industrial/semi-rural area on the outskirts of Rome, Italy, at two sites located opposite a hospital waste incinerator, downwind according to the direction of the prevailing local winds. Concentrations of pollutants were significantly lower than in urban atmospheres. The composition of particulate organic material indicated a heavy biogenic impact, accompanied by a lower contribution from petroleum-related processes. Both PAH and nitro-PAH group compositions of particulates were used to assess the nature and relative importance of sources. Both sites showed that different and diffuse sources contributed to local pollution with a significant contribution from traffic, proving that the hospital waste incinerator was not the main pollution source in this area. Among unregulated compounds, a series of positional isomers of nitro-PAHs and other organic compounds associated with particulate matter were investigated. In particular, 1- and 3-nitrophenanthrene identification was carried out, and they proved to be the most abundant nitro-PAHs.     

川东北中心城市南充大气污染态势及其主要成因

基于南充市主城区6项大气污染物浓度数据,研究了2014-2020年南充市的空气质量指数、空气质量指数等级和首要污染物的时序分布。结果表明:随着大气污染防治的开展,南充市大气污染物浓度逐渐下降,出现首要污染物的天数逐年减少,空气质量逐步提高。受污染物节律性影响,空气质量呈现明显的季节差异,冬季空气质量最差,春季次之,夏季污染相对较轻,秋季最轻。首要污染物类型的季节分布特征表现为冬季出现首要污染物天数最多,春季和夏季次之,秋季最少。春、秋、冬季以PM_2.5污染为主,夏季以O₃污染为主。从全年来看,与O₃相比,PM_2.5对空气质量的影响更为突出。在持续控制大气污染物排放总量的同时,精细化协同管控细颗粒物、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物和二氧化硫排放将有助于现阶段的大气污染防治。     

利用SPAMS初探盘锦市冬季PM2.5污染特征及来源

利用SPAMS 0515于2015年1月在盘锦市兴隆台空气质量自动监测点位采集PM_(2.5)样品,并分析其污染特征和来源。研究结果表明,盘锦市冬季PM_(2.5)的颗粒类型主要以OC颗粒、富钾颗粒、EC颗粒组成。其中,OC颗粒占比最高,为52.5%;PM_(2.5)污染的主要贡献源为燃煤、生物质燃烧、机动车尾气排放,占比分别为33.2%、25.7%、17.5%,特别是在PM_(2.5)质量浓度较高时段,燃煤和机动车尾气排放对污染的贡献较大。     

Assessment of the Status of Urban Air pollution And Its Impact on Human Health in the City of Kolkata

Air pollution has significant effects on exacerbation of asthma, allergy and other respiratory diseases. Like many other magacities in the world the ambient air quality of Kolkata is also being deteriorated day by day. Automobile exhausts and certain industrial pollutants produce O₃ by photochemical reactions. The particulate matter, particularly less than 10 μ in size, can pass through the natural protective mechanism of human respiratory system and plays an important role in genesis and augmentation of allergic disorders. Sources of air pollution in the area and the unique problem arising out of the emission from the vehicles, industries, etc. have been described. Ambient air quality was monitored along with micrometeorological data and the results are discussed. The status of air pollution in the area has been evaluated and a questionnaire survey was conducted to estimate the allergic symptoms and exposure to assess the respiratory disorders. The data are analysed to evaluate the critical situation arising out of the emission of air pollutants and the impact on human health due to respirable diseases (RDs) to middle class sub-population (activity-wise) in the area are assessed. A strategic air quality management plan has been proposed. For the mitigation of air pollution problems in the city, the different measures to be adopted to maintain the balance between sustainable development and environmental management have been discussed.     

“十三五”时期哈尔滨空气质量变化特征及影响因素分析

对"十三五"期间哈尔滨市空气质量状况、变化特征及影响因素进行分析,为哈尔滨市打赢蓝天保卫战提供科学参考。以哈尔滨市为研究区域,基于哈尔滨市12个国控监测点位监测结果,对"十三五"期间哈尔滨市环境空气质量优良天数及6项污染物进行分析,总结了环境空气质量变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:"十三五"期间,哈尔滨市环境空气质量呈现波动向好趋势,较"十二五"期间大幅改善,除细颗粒物外,其他指标已稳定达二级标准,臭氧成为仅次于细颗粒物的首要污染物,冬季燃煤污染是环境空气最主要的污染来源,秋季秸秆焚烧及春季清除秸秆根茬也会产生一定影响。     

MEG法在典型高原山地工业园区有机污染评价中的应用研究

对环境空气质量的客观评价能真实反映环境管理成效。复杂的大气污染形势和评价体系的不完善对环境空气质量评价工作提出了新的要求。就目前国内外环境质量标准不健全、评价体系不完善等主要问题进行了简要探析,探讨了MEG法在典型高原山地工业园区有机污染物综合评价中的应用,针对MEG法为核心建立的评价体系得到了单点位主要污染因子,找出了不同点位污染程度,对国内当下环境空气质量评价现状,提出了意见和建议。     

Particulate Matter Over A Seven Year Period in Urban and Rural Areas Within, Proximal and Far from Mining and Power Station Operations in Greece

Lignite mining operations and lignite-fired power stations result in major particulate pollution (fly ash and fugitive dust) problems in the areas surrounding these activities. The problem is more complicated, especially, for urban areas located not far from these activities, due to additional contribution from the urban pollution sources. Knowledge of the distribution of airborne particulate matter into size fraction has become an increasing area of focus when examining the effects of particulate pollution. On the other hand, airborne particle concentration measurements are useful in order to assess the air pollution levels based on national and international air quality standards. These measurements are also necessary for developing air pollutants control strategies or for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, especially, for long periods. In this study an attempt is made in order to investigate the particle size distribution of fly ash and fugitive dust in a heavy industrialized (mining and power stations operations) area with complex terrain in the northwestern part of Greece. Parallel total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) concentrations are analyzed. These measurements gathered from thirteen monitoring stations located in the greater area of interest. Spatial, temporal variation and trend are analyzed over the last seven years. Furthermore, the geographical variation of PM10 – TSP correlation and PM10/TSP ratio are investigated and compared to those in the literature. The analysis has indicated that a complex system of sources and meteorological conditions modulate the particulate pollution of the examined area.     

新冠疫情管控期间西安细颗粒物中碳组分浓度变化特征

于2019年1月27日—3月18日及2020年1月27日—3月18日对西安市细颗粒物(PM_2.5)的碳组分浓度进行了在线观测，对比分析了非疫情与疫情期间各常规污染因子、气象要素、PM_2.5中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的污染特征。结果表明：非疫情与疫情期间西安市的气象条件总体水平较为相近。疫情期间的二氧化硫(SO₂)、臭氧(O₃)浓度相对升高。重污染天气下，除PM_2.5外，其他污染物浓度均降低，说明疫情管制对重污染天气污染物浓度的削弱作用明显。疫情期间，PM_2.5中的OC组分浓度及占比有显著升高，与疫情期间的各类交通管制导致的机动车尾气排放量显著降低有关。另外，OC与EC的相关性较强，说明污染来源与人类日常生活有关。疫情期间西安市颗粒物中碳组分主要来自各类生物质燃烧，并且存在SOC污染，SOC在OC中的占比达到37.8%。疫情期间重污染天气下，SOC在OC中的占比达到87.5%,说明SOC对重污染天气OC的贡献较大。     

2013—2019年青岛市空气质量变化特征分析

为掌握滨海城市环境空气质量变化特征，为污染精准管控和打赢蓝天保卫战提供科学参考，以沿海重要中心城市青岛市为研究区域，基于青岛市9个国控空气监测点位监测结果，对2013—2019年青岛市6项空气污染物浓度监测结果进行分析，总结归纳青岛市空气质量时间变化特征。结果表明：2019年，青岛市空气质量超标，超标指标为颗粒物；青岛市2014年空气质量最差，2018年空气质量最好；2013—2019年，青岛市O₃浓度总体呈上升趋势，其余5项污染物浓度呈下降趋势；青岛市环境空气主要污染物是PM_2.5，其次是O₃；青岛市空气质量冬季差于其他季节，春节期间烟花爆竹燃放等人为活动使空气质量变差。