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41.
42.
Review on the annual PM10 concentrations over a 10-year period shows that Macau is subjected to severe fine particulate pollution. Investigations of its variation in monthly and daily time scales with the local meteorological records reveal further details. It is found that a distinct feature of the Asian monsoon climates, the changes of wind direction, mainly controls the general trend of PM10 concentration in a year. The monsoon driven winter north-easterly winds bring upon Macau dry and particle enriched air masses leading to a higher concentration in that period while the summer south-westerly winds transport humid and cleaner air to the region leading to a lower PM10 value. This distinct seasonal feature is further enhanced by the lower rainfall volume and frequency as well as mixing height in winter and their higher counterparts in summer. It is also found that the development of tropical cyclones near Macau could also impose episode like PM10 concentration spikes due to the pre-typhoon induced stagnant air motion followed by the swing of wind direction to the northerly. 相似文献
43.
介绍了广东省地方污染物排放标准中的《水污染物排放限值》和《大气污染物排放限值》的主要特点 ,对今后标准修订提出了建议 相似文献
44.
Continuous visibility monitoring has been carried out inKwangju, Korea since May 1999. The total light extinctioncoefficient b
ext measured by a transmissometer andreveals seasonal trends in urban visual air quality,especially under hazy conditions with a visual range of lessthan 15 km. Seasonal atmospheric visibility under lowrelative humidity during the winter was observed to be betterthan during any other seasons. Summertime visibility wasseverely degraded due to highly increased light scattering byhygroscopic particles under high humidity atmosphericconditions. Visibility during spring and fall was alsomoderate. However, yellow sand in spring caused the lowestvisibility conditions over the measurement area for a fewdays. With continuous monitoring using the transmissometer,the daily average seasonal visual range was measured to be13.1, 9.2, 11.0, and 13.9 km in spring, summer, falland winter, respectively. Under the atmospheric humiditycondition less than 60%, visual range was observed tobe 16.1, 13.9, 15.1, and 16.6 km in spring, summer,fall, and winter, respectively. The mean light extinctionbudget by sulfate and nitrate aerosols was determined to bethe highest value of 63.71% during the summer and thelowest value of 27.08% during spring. During the `yellow sand dust' period, a mean light extinction budget by soil particles was estimated to be at an unusually high value of 44.22%. 相似文献
45.
MARTIN A. STAPANIAN STEVEN P. CLINE DAVID L. CASSELL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,45(3):237-257
We evaluate a field method for determining species richness andcanopy cover of vascular plants for the Forest Health MonitoringProgram (FHM), an ecological survey of U.S. forests. Measurementsare taken within 12 1-m2 quadrats on 1/15 ha plots in FHM.Species richness and cover are determined for four height classes(strata) within each quadrat and aggregated by stratum over the entireplot. We estimated (1) the agreement between experienced trainers andinexperienced technicians who collected the data on this survey(accuracy) and (2) the agreement among the technicians (precision) forresults on species richness and cover from 3 test plots at 3 timeintervals. The methods appear to be highly precise, although somediscrepancies with the values obtained by the trainers were found.Trainers found significantly more species in the ground stratum (0–0.6 m) and measured significantly more cover in the uppermost stratum(>4.9 m). The proportion of variation due to measurement error andtemporal variability was less than 13% for species richness (all strata)and cover (all but one stratum). This indicates that the method issuitable for monitoring changes in species richness and canopy coverfor a large-scale synoptic monitoring project such as FHM. 相似文献
46.
为修复灌区内土壤有机氯农药污染,降低六氯环己烷对土壤环境的危害,对内蒙古某灌域表层土壤进行采样,利用气相色谱测定50个土壤样品中六氯环己烷及其异构体的含量,并利用ArcGIS空间分析技术确定表层土壤中六氯环己烷的分布状况。样本中六氯环己烷的检出率为96%,各样本中六氯环己烷的浓度范围为未检出~23.0 ng/g,平均浓度为4.4 ng/g。4种异构体含量平均值顺序为γ-六氯环己烷>δ-六氯环己烷>β-六氯环己烷>α-六氯环己烷。灌域东北部和西南部残留浓度较高,并由这2个方向向中部地区逐渐递减,表层土壤中的六氯环己烷分布受土壤黏粒量、不同种植种类和灌溉水源的影响较大。虽受人类耕作的影响,但表层土壤中的六氯环己烷污染水平相对较低。 相似文献
47.
依托北京市、廊坊市和保定市高密度的地面空气质量监测、气象要素监测以及PM2.5化学组分监测和后向轨迹分析等手段,对2017年上半年三地的空气质量进行分析。研究发现:三地中北京市空气质量较好,保定市较差。分污染物来看,保定市SO2浓度水平明显高于廊坊市和北京市,颗粒物PM10和PM2.5也呈现保定市最高、北京市最低的规律。从污染物日变化来看,CO、SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2.5呈双峰型分布,O3呈单峰型分布。从区域整体分布规律来看,PM2.5和SO2呈现明显的"南高北低"特征。PM2.5化学组分分析结果表明:1—4月燃煤对该区域空气质量的影响较大,5—6月机动车排放的影响更为凸显。后向轨迹分析结果表明:在2017年上半年到达北京市的气流中有24%来自于北京市南部,且这些气流多为低空传输,表明区域传输对于北京市空气质量具有一定的影响。 相似文献
48.
Kalra N Jain MC Joshi HC Chaudhary R Kumar S Pathak H Sharma SK Kumar V Kumar R Harit RC Khan SA Hussain MZ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(1):93-109
Field experiments were carried out during 1996–97at Gulawathi, Muthiani and Salarpur Villages, IARI Farm, NewDelhi and NCPP Campus, Dadri to evaluate changes in soilcharacteristics and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),mustard (Brassica juncea L.), lentil (Lence esculentaMoench.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) byvarying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha-1) in soils atsowing/transplanting time of crops. Flyash addition in areasadjoining NCPP Thermal Power Plant, Dadri, Ghaziabad, U.P.ranged from 5–12 t ha-1 yr-1 in 1995–96. Shoot and root growthand yield of test crops at different locations after flyashincorporation resulted in beneficial effects of flyashaddition in most cases. The silt dominant texture of flyashimproved loamy sand to sandy loam textures of the surfacesoils at the farmers' fields. The increased growth in yield ofcrops with flyash incorporation was possibly due tomodifications in soil moisture retention and transmissioncharacteristics, bulk density, physico-chemical characterssuch as pH and EC and organic carbon content. The response offlyash addition in the soil on soil health and cropproductivity needs to be evaluated on long-term sustainableaspects. 相似文献
49.
Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied. 相似文献
50.
SBR法处理中药材有机废水工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用SBR法对中药材有机废水进行了研究。考察了CODCR、BOD5、SS、NH3-H的处理效果,以及PH、水温、污泥负荷等条件对去除率的影响。运行结果表明,PHO 6.0-9.0、t为15-30℃、污沁荷0.3kgBOD5/kgMLSS.d,运行程序:进水0.5h(限制曝气)、曝气10h、脱氮1.5h,沉降0.5h,排水0.5h、闲置11h,周期时间24h时CODCR去除率88%、BOD594%、 相似文献