Male-biassed response of garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola L., to leaf alcohol and attraction of both sexes to floral plant volatiles

Summary. Field tests were performed to evaluate the response of the garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to known scarab attractants and to investigate the influence of trap colour and height on the number of captured beetles. Both sexes were attracted by a lure mixture composed of geraniol, eugenol, and 2-phenylethyl propionate (PEP) (ratio 3:7:3). When testing floral volatiles individually, only geraniol, eugenol and methyl anthranilate but not PEP was attractive. Response of garden chafer to (Z)- 3-hexen-1-ol was strongly male-biassed. Both the response to floral volatiles and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol was increased by using funnel traps with yellow instead of grey vanes. Traps positioned at 50 and 125 cm above ground captured significantly more garden chafers than those at 200 cm. The strongly male-biassed response to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol suggests that in P. horticola (subfamily Rutelinae) orientation towards plant volatiles emitted upon mechanical damage of plants is part of the male mate finding strategy as recently demonstrated for cockchafers of the genus Melolontha (subfamily Melolonthinae). Possible application of plant volatiles for control of P. horticola is discussed.     

水雾荷电净化空气飘尘与细菌的研究

研究一种高压静电水雾场产生的荷电净化空气中飘尘与细菌的方法。实验结果表明:在静电电压15kV、通风量540m~3/h的工况下,实验装置的一次性除尘效率高于80%、除菌效率达到88%以上;实验装置可以连续运行,能耗低、出风无二次污染。     

Plant communities in the zone of gas field development and heavy metal accumulation by them

Heavy metal accumulation by plant communities has been studied in different zones of impact of gas field development. The contents of heavy metals in different blocks of plant communities has proved to depend not only on the location of phytocenosis but also on its species composition. Communities dominated by species of the family Poaceae contain smaller amounts of heavy metals than those dominated by species of the family Asteraceae, especially of the genus Artemisia. The order of precedence in the accumulation of heavy metals in different blocks of plant communities has been revealed.     

Diagnosis,surveillance, and treatment of the anemic fetus using middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity measurement

The in utero course of the anemic fetus has improved dramatically, owing to early diagnosis and cordocentesis transfusion. In utero invasive procedures such as amnio- and cordocentesis have become important modalities in the evaluation and treatment of anemic fetuses. However, they carry risks for both the mother and fetus. A valid and sensitive noninvasive means of following the anemic fetus is the evaluation of changes in the middle cerebral artery peak systolic flow velocity (MCA-PSV). This is a sensitive tool for both the evaluation of fetal anemia and response to treatment. Intracerebral vessels respond earliest to the fetal anemic state, and are readily accessible for ultrasound examination. We describe the methodology and evolving clinical applications of MCA-PSV measurement in the fetus, through an overview of the literature describing the development and application of MCA-PSV measurement in fetuses at risk of fetal anemia of various immune and nonimmune etiologies, illustrated by index cases from our center. MCA-PSV measurement is essential in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of cases of fetal anemia. The use of this modality lessens the need for invasive procedures. The method is readily accessible and should be integrated into the repertoire of all obstetric ultrasound centers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电场与MnxCey催化剂在苯氧化反应中的协同效应及机理探究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）大量排放已成为日益严重的环境问题,为了实现VOCs的高效去除,本文采用自蔓延燃烧合成法制备了一系列锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,将稳恒直流电场引入典型VOCs气体苯的催化氧化过程,并基于不同电场条件下催化剂的理化性质表征结果进行机理分析.实验结果表明,Mn_xCe_y催化剂对含苯废气的去除有良好的效果,稳恒直流电场显著促进了催化剂的活性,其中Mn₁Ce₃的催化性能最佳,电流为5 mA时,Mn₁Ce₃催化剂在155℃可达到50%的苯转化率,在202.4℃可达到90%的苯转化率,对应的转化温度T₅₀和T₉₀比传统方法分别降低了62.4℃和48.3℃,且电场中的反应活化能由52.32 kJ·mol^-1降低至32.31 kJ·mol^-1.根据实验现象及表征结果,发现协同效应与活性位点的快速持续再生及活性氧物种的转化有关,由此提出苯在Mn_xCe_y催化剂上的氧化机理及电场协同催化的反应模型.     

Removal and desorption of chromium in synthetic effluent by a mixed culture in a bioreactor with a magnetic field

Two chromium removal experiments were performed in bioreactors with and without a magnetic field under the same conditions.The release of the chromium present in the biomass was tested in two experiments one with the initial pH of the medium and one with pH 4.0.The objective was to remove Cr(Ⅵ) and total Cr from the effluent,this was carried out by placing biological treatments of synthetic effluent contaminated with 100 mg/L of Cr(Ⅵ) in a bioreactor with neodymium magnets that applied a magnetic field(intensity85.4 mT) to the mixed culture.The removal of Cr(Ⅵ) was approximately 100.0% for the bioreactor with a magnetic field and 93,3% for the bioreactor without a magnetic field for9 hr of recirculation of the synthetic effluent by the bioreactor.The removal of total Cr was61.6% and 48.4%,with and without a magnetic field,respectively;for 24 hr.The desorption of Cr(VI) in the synthetic effluent was 0.05 mg/L,which is below the limit established by Brazilian legislation(0.1 mg/L) for the discharge of effluent containing Cr(Ⅵ) into bodies of water.The results obtained for the removal of chromium in synthetic effluent suggested that there was no significant influence on the viable cell count of the mixed culture.The desorption of Cr(Ⅵ) in synthetic effluent after bioadsorption of chromium by the mixed culture in the process of removal of chromium in bioreactors with and without a magnetic field was not significant in either of the experiments with different initial pHs.     

石灰对生物炭和腐殖酸阻控水稻Cd吸收的效应

采用田间试验,研究了石灰-生物炭和石灰-腐殖酸两种联合修复剂及其不同施用量对酸性土壤中稻米Cd含量、产量和品质的影响,并对不同处理修复效果进行综合评估.结果表明,两种联合修复剂能显著降低稻米Cd含量17.39%~45.96%,降低土壤有效Cd含量18.29%~29.88%,.生物炭、腐殖酸施用量分别为5000,6000kg/hm²时,稻米Cd的降低效果最佳.石灰-生物炭处理中,降低稻米Cd含量的主要因子为土壤pH和土壤有效Cd含量（P<0.05）,而石灰-腐殖酸处理则为土壤有机质含量与土壤有效Cd含量（P<0.05）.施加修复剂后稻米产量可达6637~7890kg/hm²,直链淀粉含量达到19.47%~27.26%;当腐殖酸施用量为7500kg/hm²时可使稻米产量提高10.97%,而石灰-生物炭处理对稻米产量无显著影响;采用层次分析法确定了稻米Cd含量、稻米产量、稻米品质和修复费用在修复效应评估中所占权重为0.608、0.150、0.102、0.140,综合评估结果显示土壤-水稻系统Cd阻控效应的联合修复技术为：在施用1200kg/hm²石灰的基础上同时施加6000kg/hm²腐殖酸.     

大气沉降向华中丘陵区稻田输入硫通量的观测

选取我国华中丘陵区的湖南省长沙县一个典型水稻种植区,对2015与2016年2年雨水样中的SO₄²-S和大气SO₂的沉降量进行监测,分析雨水中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-的关系,解析大气硫沉降的主要来源.结果表明,研究区大气中SO₂-S和雨水中SO₄^2--S的年均浓度分别为8.5 μg/m³和1.1mg/L,大气硫沉降年均总量为26.8kgS/（hm²·a）,其中年均降雨混合沉降量18.2kgS/（hm²·a）,年均干沉降量为8.6kgS/（hm²·a）.研究区域硫素干、混合沉降量存在明显的季节差异,硫素混合沉降春季高于夏、秋、冬季,而硫素干沉降冬季高于春、夏、秋季.雨水中NO₃^-/SO₄^2-的质量比大多小于1,表明研究区大气硫素主要来自固定污染源（燃煤）.华中丘陵区稻田具有较高的硫沉降,但硫沉降量已较21世纪初出现了较大幅度下降,农业生产中需要根据农田硫素收支状况酌情补充硫肥来保证作物高产稳产.     

牛粪-化肥配施对水稻田氮磷迁移转化的影响

在控制外源N输入量相同的前提下,通过田间小区实验,探讨有机肥与化肥不同施用量（牛粪施用量：5,10,20t/hm²）对稻田田间土-水界面氮磷迁移转化特征的影响.结果表明：控制稻田水中NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN和TP输出的最佳时期分别为施肥后的第5,30,7,20d,且TN和TP浓度随时间变化符合单指数衰减方程（0.7444≤R²≤0.9724;1.1×10^-6≤F≤0.0055）.采用牛粪部分代替化肥的施肥方式,在一定范围内能降低稻田退水中TN、TP输出负荷（41.8%、36.0%、64.3%;20.3%、39.1%、48.9%）,还可以降低稻田水中N/P,降低水体富营养化风险.同时,牛粪的施用可提高土壤中脲酶和磷酸酶的含量,促进氮磷向植物可吸收形态转化.综合经济成本和生态效益核算,采用10t有机肥代替无机肥的处理是相对经济环保的施肥方法,该施肥方式下,氮磷年输出负荷分别为17.70,1.26kg/hm².     

高温条件下高速碰撞试验技术研究

目的建立高温条件下结构的高速碰撞试验技术。方法基于理论和试验方法,研究影响试样加热/保温、碰靶速度和姿态的关键因素,利用次口径发射技术和电炉技术实现试样的加热、保温和加速。采用间接方法测试试样碰靶时的温度,联合应用次口径发射技术和靶体,控制试样的碰靶姿态,并利用高速摄影技术对其进行测试。通过薄壁圆柱筒的高温高速碰靶验证高温试验技术的有效性。结果建立了加热、加速和姿态控制一体化的高温高速碰撞试验技术,获得了不同尺寸薄壁圆柱筒不同姿态碰靶时的高温冲击动力学响应。正碰时,撞击端镦粗,尾端收缩,尾端的凹陷大于碰撞端的变形;侧碰时,圆筒呈马鞍状;角碰时的变形为楔形。随着圆筒的强度和刚度的降低,圆筒的变形增加,整体发生坍塌,出现大量的皱褶。结论建立的试验技术切实有效,可以用于高温条件下结构高速碰撞效应的研究。