有机溶剂使用企业挥发性恶臭有机物排放特征及特征物质识别

为研究有机溶剂使用企业挥发性恶臭有机物排放特征以及识别各企业恶臭特征物质,测定了南方某工业区内典型溶剂使用企业挥发性恶臭有机物(VOCs)的排放成分.结果表明,不同企业间物质组成存在一定的差异,同一企业不同工艺流程物质组成也存在一定差异,汽车制造企业:面漆喷涂车间排气筒醇类(21.87%)和酯类(21.62%)是重要的VOCs排放种类;面涂烘干车间芳香烃(41.14%)排放比例最高.电子元件生产企业:喷涂排气筒酯类(67.99%)是重要的VOC排放种类.涂料生产企业:两家涂料企业酯类物质排放比例均是最高,但1号涂料企业芳香烃(24.37%)排放比例较高,2号涂料企业酮类(18.88%)排放比例较高.印刷企业主要是醇类物质(99.32%).制冷设备生产企业:烷烃排放比例最高(83.01%).结合物质浓度和阈稀释倍数,初步识别酯类(乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯)、芳香烃(甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯)、醇酮类(乙醇、甲基异丁酮、2-丁酮)为有机溶剂使用企业恶臭特征物质.     

芜湖市大气挥发性有机物污染特征、大气反应活性及源解析

2018年9月至2019年8月对芜湖市城区大气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行观测,探讨其污染特征、光化学影响和来源.结果表明,芜湖市大气中VOCs全年平均体积分数为27.86×10^-9,季节变化规律为：秋季（31.16×10^-9） > 夏季（28.70×10^-9） > 冬季（24.75×10^-9） > 春季（24.04×10^-9）,日变化规律呈双峰型,峰值在08：00~09：00时与18：00~19：00时出现,与交通流量的变化有关.芜湖市大气VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势（OFP）为255.29 μg ·m^-3,不同组分对平均OFP的贡献率排序为：芳香烃（48.83%） > 烷烃（21.04%） > 烯烃（18.32%） > OVOCs（11.47%） > 卤代烃（0.35%）.总气溶胶生成潜势（AFP）为1.84 μg ·m^-3,芳香烃贡献率最高（87.69%）,其次为烷烃（12.31%）.苯/甲苯/乙苯（B/T/E）比值表明,芜湖市大气中苯系物的主要贡献源为机动车排放源和工业排放及溶剂使用源.源解析显示：油气挥发源、机动车排放源、溶剂挥发源、LPG排放源、植物排放源和二次生成源对采样期内的VOCs贡献率分别为11.57%、34.53%、16.63%、20.76%、3.54%和12.97%.     

生物滤塔处理VOCs的挂膜启动方法研究

通过中试规模的生物滤塔的两种填料挂膜方法的试验研究 ,表明填料接种后可以直接装入生物滤塔 ,进行直接通气挂膜 ,该方法符合生物膜在载体表面的固定机理和形成过程 ,可在较短的时间内完成系统启动。本文同时论述了影响挂膜的几个因素     

两次相平衡／气相色谱法测定水中挥发性氯代烃

本文选择６种水中挥发性氯代烃作为研究对象，提出了两次相平衡／液上气相色谱法测定水中挥发性有机物的方法，系统推导了气液等体积和非等体积平衡，只分析气相就可测定水相浓度的理论关系式，研制了可变相平衡器。     

Interaction between Fe-cyanide complex and humic acids

The fate of cyanides in soil is strongly influenced by the formation of Fe cyanides, which can interact with organic and inorganic colloids and precipitate as stable compounds. Scarce information is available on the capacity of humic acids to interact with cyano-complexes and thus affect the leaching and prevent the risk of contamination of watertable. Here we show that interaction between humic acids (HAs) and ferricyanide complex led to a formation of ferricyanide-humo micelles, and that the interaction did not imply changes in the original structure of ferricyanide complex.     

饮水消毒剂对水中指示菌和病毒的灭活及消毒副产物生成的影响

实验室模拟和在东湖自来水厂现场比较研究了不同饮水消毒剂对水中指示菌、病毒的灭活和消毒副产物生成的影响 .结果显示 ,细菌对消毒剂的抵抗力比病毒低 .进一步研究表明 ,当病毒浓度为n(PFU)≈ 1× 10 5mL-1,能使脊髓灰质炎病毒 (PolioV)及大肠杆菌f2 噬菌体 (f2 )彻底灭活的各消毒剂最低浓度分别为 :有效氯 ρ(Cl) =16mg/L ,二氧化氯 ρ(ClO2 ) =8.0mg/L ,联合消毒剂 ρ(Cl+ClO2 ) =(5 .0 +5 .0 )mg/L ,臭氧 ρ(O3 ) =1.2 2mg/L ;有效氯 ρ(Cl) =8.5mg/L ,二氧化氯 ρ(ClO2 ) =5 .0mg/L ,联合消毒剂 ρ(Cl+ClO2 ) =(2 .5 +2 .5 )mg/L ,臭氧 ρ(O3 ) =0 .6 7mg/L .按以上阈浓度加氯消毒东湖源水 ,产生的CHCl3 大大高于其他消毒剂 .将水中有机抽提物进行Ames试验 ,结果显示 ,加氯消毒处理的水样致突变活性明显高于其他消毒剂处理的水样 .所获水样浓集物经GC/MS鉴定分析 ,共鉴定出 118种有机物 ,主要为多环芳烃、烷基苯、酞酸酯、烷基苯酚、醛、酮醇和烷烃类等 .主要成分酞酸酯类系美国环境保护署(EPA)确定的优先污染物 ,具有致突变、致癌、致畸作用 .表 6参 7     

Amino acids during development of mountain birch leaves

Summary. The nutritive value of tree foliage for herbivores decreases rapidly with leaf maturation, due in particular to the decline in leaf nitrogen content. Since the amino acid content of plants differs from the need of herbivores for individual amino acids, we examined developmental changes in the contents of amino acids throughout the growth season of mountain birch. The contents of free and protein-bound amino acids, as well as essential and nonessential ones, displayed different patterns with leaf maturation, suggesting that total nitrogen or protein levels are poor predictors of the nutritive status of leaves. The contents of protein-bound amino acids were 100 times higher than those of free amino acids, indicating that the role of free amino acids in nutrition of herbivores is probably less important than that of protein-bound amino acids. Among protein-bound amino acids, both the absolute and the relative contents of two nitrogen-rich essential amino acids, lysine and arginine, decreased during early leaf growth, presumably reducing nitrogen availability in developing leaves. Essential amino acids were mainly positively related to each other, suggesting the co-ordinated regulation of their synthesis. Changes in correlations among individual free amino acids reflected developmental changes in allocation preferences between biosynthesis pathways with leaf growth. Received 31 January 2003; accepted 17 March 2003. R1D=" Correspondence to: Teija Ruuhola, e-mail: teiruu@utu.fi     

牛至挥发油对肠炎常见菌的体外抗菌作用

不同浓度牛至挥发油对常见的致肠炎沙门氏菌属、大肠杆菌属和葡萄球菌属等31株菌的抗菌作用研究结果表明，该挥发油对上述31株菌均有不同程度的杀菌和抑菌作用．     

焦炭填料生物滤床净化VOC研究

采用焦炭为填料的生物滤床降解苯乙烯废气，试验过程中对焦炭进行循环挂膜，发现焦炭对苯乙烯这样的挥发性有机物（VOC）初期以吸附作用为主，随着生物膜的长成生物降解作用逐渐占有优势，表现为对苯乙烯的去除效率稳定在35％－55％左右。     

Sequestration of plant secondary compounds by butterflies and moths

Summary A number of aposematic butterfly and moth species sequester toxic substances from their host plants. Some of these insects can detect the toxic compounds during food assessment. Some pipevine swallowtails use aristolochic acids among the host finding cues during oviposition and larval feeding and accumulate the toxins in the body tissues throughout all life stages. Likewise, a danaine butterfly,Idea leuconoe, which sequesters high concentrations of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the body, lays eggs in response to the specific alkaloid components contained in the apocynad host. Insect species sharing the same poisonous host plants may differ in the degree of sequestration of toxins. Two closely ralated aposematic geometrid moth species,Arichanna gaschkevitchii andA. melanaria, sequester a series of highly toxic diterpenoids (grayanotoxins) in different degrees, while a cryptic geometrid species,Biston robstus, does not sequester the toxins, illustrating the diversity in adaptation mechanisms even within the same subfamily. By contrast, a number of lepidopteran species store the same compounds though feeding upon taxonomically diverse plant species. A bitter cyanoglycoside, sarmentosin, was characterised from several moth species in the Geometridae, Zygaenidae and Yponomeutidae, and from the apollo butterflies,Parnassius spp. (Papilionidae), although each species feeds on different groups of plants.Interspecific similarities and differences in life history and ecology are discussed in relation to variable characteristics of sequestration of plant compounds among these lepidopteran insects.