利用废CRT屏玻璃为原料制备泡沫玻璃

以废阴极射线管(CRT)屏玻璃为主要原料,碳黑为起泡剂,采用粉末烧结法制备了低密度保温泡沫玻璃。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、导热系数测定仪等分析手段,研究了起泡剂的用量、发泡温度和发泡时间对泡沫玻璃泡径、密度、热学性能以及机械力学性能的影响。结果表明,在相同烧制工艺条件下,随起泡剂掺加量增加,烧制所得的泡沫玻璃密度成"V"型变化;当其掺加量为0.20%时,泡沫玻璃在密度、孔径分布以及力学性能上均达到最佳。随着发泡温度的提高和发泡时间的延长,密度会逐渐减小,泡沫玻璃的气泡会逐渐增大,以致产生连通现象。当发泡温度为820℃、发泡时间为30min时烧制的泡沫玻璃密度为0.180 g/cm3,导热系数为0.0695 W/(m.K)。     

轿车车门内板冲压成形计算机仿真

介绍了采用基于动态显式算法的有限元分析软件包eta／DYNAFORM对典型的汽车覆盖件轿车车门内板冲压成形进行计算机仿真的全过程。论述了覆盖件冲压零件计算机仿真必须注意到的问题，并探讨了其中的关键技术。     

摩托车覆盖件逆向设计中的技术思路

逆向工程的特点可以最大限度地表现造型设计师的设计风格,该特点使逆向工程非常适合于覆盖件产品开发。针对摩托车外观覆盖件的特点,对车架模型的建立方法提出了看法,强调了在逆向建模中先建立模型特征线的优先性,总结了曲面重构的经验和规律,最后给出了具体开发实例。     

基于STIRPAT模型的中国城镇生活能源消费影响因素研究

为探究人口规模、收入水平、消费倾向、节能政策和技术等因素对中国城镇生活能源消费的影响,基于拓展的STIRPAT模型并运用2000~2013年中国省际面板数据对各影响因素的效应进行评估。结果显示:城镇生活能源强度、城镇居民消费倾向、人均可支配收入、城镇化率、总人口、政策综合力度6个因素的增长率每变化1%,将会引起城镇生活能源消费量增长率0.9322%、0.8537%、(0.559 2+0.169 2 ln DI)%、0.599 8%、0.408 0%、-0.012 0%的变化,表明除节能政策外,其余5因素均正向促进城镇生活能耗增长。其中生活能源强度对城镇生活能耗影响最大,节能政策虽会抑制城镇生活能耗增长,但作用较为微弱。政府需继续加强节能政策综合实施力度,从而实现生活能源消费领域的节能减排。     

绿色导向下的光伏产业环境污染控制进展研究

光伏发电技术具有环保和节约能源的特点,在光伏组件废弃后和太阳能电池的原料生产环节,会产生一定程度的环境污染.对太阳能电池废弃物进行资源化回收处理,积极研发新型电池和新材料,可以有效控制污染.目前对光伏废弃物进行资源化的方法主要有:热解法,无机酸溶解法,有机溶剂溶解法,化学蚀刻等;薄膜型光伏电池和聚合物光伏新材料的研究也取得了相应进展,拥有较好的发展前景.     

城市化与环境污染：中国省际面板数据的实证研究

对环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说进行了扩展，选取1998～2005年中国30个省（市、自治区）的面板数据，构建了6类环境污染指标同城市化水平及控制变量间的计量模型，并运用Eviews软件进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：4类污染物同城市化水平之间存在倒U形曲线关系，另外2类污染物同城市化水平之间存在正U形曲线关系，目前中国大体上已经进入U形曲线的右半段，但由于地区发展差距的存在，各地进入曲线右半段的时间不同；控制变量的加入不仅改变了转折点出现的时间，而且改变了某些污染指标同城市化水平之间的U形曲线关系；贸易开放并不一定造成环境的恶化，“污染天堂”假说在中国不成立；产业结构变动是造成环境污染的重要因素；技术进步引致的单位GDP能耗下降能减轻环境污染压力；快速的经济增长将导致更加严重的环境污染。     

Urbanization,unemployment rate and China’ rising divorce rate

This paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization and unemployment rate on China’s divorce rate with the panel data of 31 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2011. The study manifests as follows. First, the significant influence of urbanization cannot be observed on the rising breakdown since the latter is not the inevitable result of the former. In the second place, unemployment rate has a significant negative influence on divorce rate, namely, with the former increasing, the latter will decrease, which echoes the perspective of divorce cost. And finally, this paper also finds positive effects of per capita fixed investment, old-age dependency rate, average household size, the proportion of floating population and population density, and negative correlation of average education attainment on divorce rate.     

Study on Residential Water Use in North China:Analysis of Nationwide Statistical Data and Case Study of Taiyuan City

Residential water use is gradually becoming the focus in China‘s municipal water supply planning and management in recent years. Little is known, however, about the residential water use in modem China due to the transition of economy and enhancement of management on water conservation. In order to better understand the characteristics of residential water use in North China, a model for identifying the determinants of residential water use was established and analyzed by using panel data and cross-section data methodologies. Then Taiyuan city, the capital city of Shanxi Province in Northern China was selected as a case study. Both the analyses and field investigation indicate that the relatively slow increase of residential water use in recent years may result from the implementation of strict laws and regulations on water conservation. And through the investigation,first-hand information about water consumption pattern, water reuse/conservation, people‘s attitude toward water quantity and quality, etc. have been obtained.     

Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Urban Expansion： A Case Study of Shandong Province

This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic growth and transition of economic structure have played the most powerful role in urban expansion. An increase in population helps the core to extend. Increasing agricultural productivity can provide a countervailing force. An increase in transportation costs will limit urban expansion. An increase in the marginal productivity of land in housing production will increase urban expansion. Fiscal and taxation policies also have encouraged the extensive shift of cultivated land into build-up area. This paper also suggests that if high rate increasing GDP is needed, the urban core will continue to expand. The government should take measures to improve the rapid growth of the city.     

环境要素的环境收益、数量测算与受益归宿

为定量测算环境收益及其受益归宿,理解经济增长与环境保护的复杂耦合关系,匹配了中国工业企业数据库与环境统计数据库,用2011~2013年微观面板数据估计了企业治污成本函数,分介质、分行业加总得到了工业环境收益,采用受约束模型估计了其在企业利润、工资与税收间的分配.结果发现中国年度工业环境收益约9000亿元,是当年GDP和工业增加值的约2%与5%;高耗能行业占了环境收益的近70%.环境收益的最大受益方是企业职工,摄取了总额的约80%,政府是第二大获益方,进入企业利润的份额不足3%;环境收益贡献了企业工资的近25%,高耗能行业该比例达50%.环境要素的使用是增长的重要推动力,而工业的深度污染治理可能带来利益格局的不对称调整,对企业工资和就业产生重要影响,在绿色发展中应建立局部与整体、短期与长期利益的平衡机制.