Soil fungistasis and its relations to soil microbial composition and diversity: a case study of a series of soils with different fungistasis

Fungistasis is one of the important approaches to control soil-borne plant pathogens.Some hypotheses about the mechanisms for soil fungistasis had been established,which mainly focused on the soil bacterial community composition,structure,diversity as well as function.In this study,the bacterial community composition and diversity of a series of soils treated by autoclaving,which coming from the same original soil sample and showing gradient fungistasis to the target soil-borne pathogen fungi Fusarium gr...     

Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in an experimentally contaminated paddy soil by vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of growing vetiver grass on the biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) under glasshouse conditions. Plant biomass, microbial biomass C and degradation of B[a]P were determined. B[a]P disappeared faster in the plant treatments than in unplanted controls. Disappearance of B[a]P was accompanied by an increase in soil microbial biomass C. Vetiver grass may promote the biodegradation of B[a]P under flooded conditions by plant roots by stimulating the microbial biomass. Microbial biomass was the main factor affecting dissipation of B[a]P under flooded conditions.     

Photochemical behavior of benzo[a]pyrene on soil surfaces under UV light irradiation

The rates of photodegradation and photocatalysis of benzo [a]pyrene （BaP） on soil surfaces under UV light have been studied. Different parameters such as temperature, soil particle sizes, and soil depth responsible for photodegradation, catalyst loads and wavelength of UV irradiation blamed for photocatalysis have been monitored. The results obtained indicated that BaP photodegradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. BaP photodegradation was the fastest at 30℃ . The rates of BaP photodegradation at different soil particle size followed the order： less than 1 mm〉less than 0.45 mm〉less than 0.25 mm. When the soil depth increased from 1 mm to 4 ram, the half-life increased from 13.23 d to 17.73 d. The additions of TiO2 or Fe2O3 accelerated the photodegradation of BaP, and the photocatalysis of BaP follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Changes in catalyst loads of TiO2 （0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% （wt）） or Fe203 （2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% （wt）） did not significantly affect the degradation rates. Both BaP photocatalysis in the presence of TiO2 and Fe2O3 were the fastest at 254 nm UV irradiation.     

同时产甲烷反硝化颗粒污泥中微生物群落结构

在UASB成功运行同时产甲烷反硝化小试基础上,针对反应器内颗粒污泥,通过构建古菌和细菌的16SrDNA基因文库、RADAR遗传变异分型和测序比对等技术进行了微生物系统发育关系和群落结构分析.结果表明,在颗粒污泥的古菌中,产甲烷髦毛菌和产甲烷杆菌是主要菌群,随机选出的88个古菌克隆子,这两类古菌的16SrDNA序列分别占古菌总量71.59%和22.73%;而颗粒污泥中细菌的多样性要高于古菌,低GC革兰氏阳性菌和ε变型菌纲分支的细菌是细菌的主要菌群,在随机选出的133个细菌克隆子中,这2类细菌的16SrDNA序列分别占细菌总量的49.62%和12.03%.     

脱氮硫杆菌的分离鉴定和反硝化特性研究

从土壤中分离到1株高活性自养反硝化菌TD,并对其进行了鉴定和硝酸盐还原特性研究.该菌株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,严格自养.16S rDNA序列分析表明.该菌株与ThiobaciUus denitrificans相似性为99.85%.结合生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析,确定菌株TD为脱氮硫杆菌.通过对该菌的生长特性和反硝化特性的研究表明,该菌在初始pH为6.85,32.8℃培养条件下脱氮效果最佳;在初始pH为6.90,29.5℃培养条件下生长最快.该菌生长比较缓慢,没有明显的稳定期,对数生长期阶段的反硝化能力最强,反硝化速率最快,达到了2.245 mg·(L·h)-1,在培养过程中培养基pH值明显下降.较高盐度对该菌株的反硝化活性有抑制作用.该菌株的急性毒性实验结果显示,脱氮硫杆菌对健康鱼体几乎无毒,属于无毒性菌株.     

尿液中多环芳烃羟基代谢产物分析方法研究

通过实验建立了"酶水解-固相萃取-HPLC 荧光检测"尿液中多环芳烃羟基代谢产物1-羟基芘,9-羟基苯并[a]芘和3-羟基苯并[a]芘的分析方法,研究了3种代谢产物在不同保存温度下的稳定性,并通过对200个实际尿液的测定初步验证了该方法的可行性。该方法回收率为70%～85%,最低检出限为0 02～0 05μg L。-20℃保存的尿液样品及尿液提取液中3种化合物在1个月内降解了10%～36%,提取液比尿液的稳定性稍好,保存温度越高稳定性越差。      

长江流域河流和湖库的浮游细菌群落差异

在长江流域自江源区至入海口的干流重点区域、八大一级支流和多个重点湖库设置了 177个样点开展浮游细菌调查,采用基于细菌16S rRNA基因的单分子实时测序技术研究浮游细菌群落的空间分布差异,期望在更广的调查范围和更高的物种注释精度上阐明长江流域浮游细菌群落结构的分布特征.首先分析了各采样点浮游细菌的α多样性状况,发现长...     

海洋大气环境下桥梁钢构件连接螺栓防腐技术研究

基于桥梁全寿命周期考虑,通过对包覆防腐、涂层防腐、密封胶与涂层联合防腐等常用防腐技术的防腐材料、施工工艺和防腐时效等进行了综合经济对比分析,得出氧化聚合型包覆防腐蚀技术具备防腐蚀材料先进性、施工质量可控性等优点,是桥梁钢构件连接螺栓的最优腐蚀防护方案。     

本世纪华东地区两种不同空间分布类型的地震活动性分析

综合分析本世纪以来华东地区地震资料相对可靠的中强地震活动，发现前后两阶段有着不同的空间分布类型。第１阶段地震活动集中在苏鲁近海、菏泽一带及大别山地区，呈环状分布。而１９７１年以来的第２阶段中强地震全都分布在菏泽至溧阳北西向一线的东北一侧，并呈网络性分布。其中已经发生的３次６级以上地震都分布在上阶段较少地震活动的苏南至长江口及邻近海域。同时分析研究了各阶段地震活动特点，以及由于受北东、北西向构造控制影响，所划分华东地区三大部分地震活动在两阶段出现的震场迁移。最后指出该地区目前应重点注意苏南至长江口及邻近地区的地震活动。