贫溶剂系统特种设备超压原因与处理

山西焦化股份有限公司苯精制厂设计一套10万t／afSJ粗苯加氢精制装置,生产纯苯、甲苯、二甲苯、非芳烃、重苯等产品,其萃取精制单元装设有两台型号为BA72—716J4EM一0810w1Q—H的贫溶剂泵（屏蔽泵）,     

俄专家用堆肥法清除石化污染物

石化生产中废弃的油泥里常含有沥青树脂、苯酚、二甲苯等有毒甚至致癌的碳氢化合物。为了经济有效地处理这些污染物，俄罗斯专家开发出了一种堆肥技术，逐步清除油污并进行“废物利用”。     

Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

水体BTEX污染对大型溞和霍普水丝蚓的毒性效应及水环境安全评价

以大型溞(daphnia magna)和霍普水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)为受试生物,研究了甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等苯系物(BTEX)的水生生态毒性效应.结果表明,3种污染物对大型溞和霍普水丝蚓毒性影响呈明显的剂量-效应关系,且毒性作用随暴露时间延长而增加.水体中甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯污染对大型溞的24h EC50分别是172.1、50.1和63.6 mg·L-1,48h EC50分别是136.9、42.9和50.3 mg·L-1;对霍普水丝蚓的24hLC50分别是194.8、71.9和88.0 mg·L-1;48h LC50分别是185.2、46.8和75.6 mg·L-1;96h LC50分别是170.4、38.8和71.9 mg·L-1.根据3种污染物对2种受试生物的毒性试验结果,预测水体中甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的安全浓度sc分别为13.7、3.9和5.0 mg·L-1,最大允许浓度MPC分别为1.4、0.4和0.5 mg·L-1.     

一起由竹夹板着火引起的爆炸事故分析及防范

分析了一起由竹夹板着火引起的空罐爆炸事故,事故原因是竹夹板被点燃后,燃烧产生大量一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷,从而引发了爆炸事故,提出了预防类似事故的措施.     

超声辐射法降解废水中的二甲苯、苯酚和丙烯腈

采用频率为20kHz的超声波处理二甲苯、丙稀腈、苯酚溶液。实验结果表明，在二甲苯初始质量浓度为27．6mg／L、H2O2质量浓度为1．68g／L、溶液温度为25℃、声强为141．32W／cm^2、辐射全程时间为60min的条件下，二甲苯降解率可达99．20％；在丙烯腈初始质量浓度为100．0mg／L、通氧量为15mL／rain、溶液温度为28℃、声强为141．32W／cm^2、辐射全程时间为30rain的条件下，丙烯腈降解率可达98．20％；在苯酚初始质量浓度为20．0mg／L、H202质量浓度为1．50g／L、FeSO4质量浓度为0．22g／L、溶液温度为28℃、声强为48．92W／cm^2、辐射全程时间为40rain的条件下，苯酚降解率可达99．81％。     

生物滴滤法处理喷漆废气

采用生物滴滤系统处理喷漆废气,在研究了混合气体中甲苯与二甲苯之间相互作用的基础上,对生物滴滤系统净化喷漆废气的稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明:在挂膜启动阶段,进气流量为22.5 m3/h、空塔停留时间为33.9 s、进气甲苯质量浓度为400~1 500 mg/m3的条件下,最终甲苯去除率可稳定在97%以上;在总进气质量浓度为1 000 mg/m3的条件下处理甲苯和二甲苯混合气体,混合气体中甲苯与二甲苯存在相互抑制作用,且甲苯对二甲苯的抑制作用更强;在进气流量为20.0 m3/h、空塔停留时间为38.0 s、进气中总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)质量浓度为300~900 mg/m3的条件下处理喷漆废气,平均TVOCs去除率为90.84%,出口二甲苯质量浓度低于GB16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中规定的排放限值(二甲苯质量浓度为70 mg/m3),基本满足排放要求。     

几种观叶植物对室内污染物的净化效果研究

为了寻求减少室内空气污染物的措施和技术,我们用吊兰、虎尾兰、君子兰和橡皮树做为试材,开展一系列有针对性的试验.结果表明,这4种室内观叶植物都能吸收室内有毒有害气体,但作用效果差异明显.虎尾兰效果最佳,7 d内室内甲醛总量的减少率比对照多64.6%,二甲苯总量的减少率比对照多61.4%,总挥发性有机物(TVOC)总量的减少率比对照多64.8%;而橡皮树的作用效果最差.     

间歇精馏回收废溶剂油中二甲苯和醋酸丁酯工艺研究

研究采用常规间歇精馏和非均相共沸间歇精馏技术从工业废溶剂油中回收二甲苯和醋酸丁酯,对预处理后的原料进行了工艺实验研究,考察了分离温度、时间、回流比等操作参数对分离过程的影响,结果表明:采用常规间歇精馏在适宜的工艺条件下,二甲苯和醋酸丁酯在馏出液中的含量均达到95%以上,收率分别达到62%和99.4%;在水和废溶剂油为1∶1、回流比为5时,采用非均相共沸间歇精馏二甲苯和醋酸丁酯在馏出液中的收率分别达到75%和100%.