浅谈GPS实时动态技术在土地测量中的应用

GPS实时动态技术是近年来在土地测量领域应用的新技术,它与传统的测量技术相比,具有明显的优势,结合土地测量在施工运用中的实践,探讨GPS实时动态测量技术在土地管理中应用的相关问题,如（加密控制网、转换参数、测量数据组织与编码）.实践表明,GPS实时动态技术可以在土地测量中高工作效率,尤其在通视困难的山区地区更具有明显优势.     

垃圾填埋场中真细菌群落16S rRNA基因的分析

回灌式垃圾填埋场渗滤液中真细菌群落的多样性同样通过不依赖于微生物培养的分析而获得。利用特异性的引物对,选择性地扩增渗滤液DNA中的真细菌16S rRNA基因片断(16S rDNA),并用于构建16S rDNA克隆文库。文库内真细菌16S rDNA的遗传多样性通过限制片断长度多态性分析(RFLP,限制性内切酶Hin PII和Msp I)而获得。初步的结果表明,随机选出的200个真细菌克隆子被分为147个不同的RFLP型(组),当中丰度最高的两个型均仅含有9个克隆子,两者共占所有被分析克隆子的不到10%;克隆子数≥2的型共有21个(包括以上2个丰度最高的型),它们共代表74个克隆子,占所有被分析克隆子的37%;而剩下的126个型均只含有1个克隆子,它们共占整个基因文库的63%。由此可见,李坑垃圾渗滤液中的真细菌具有非常复杂的群落结构。     

具有广谱偶氮还原能力柠檬酸菌AzoR-2的分离鉴定和还原特性研究

从印染活性污泥中分离到1株高效广谱偶氮还原菌AzoR-2,并对该菌株进行了鉴定和偶氮还原特性分析.通过细胞形态和BIOLOG细菌自动鉴定系统的生理生化特性及16S rDNA与β-内酰胺酶基因相结合的分子生物学特性的分析,鉴定该菌株为柠檬酸菌属细菌,定名为Citrobacter sp.AzoR-2.通过对其偶氮还原特性的研究表明,菌株AzoR-2能够在厌氧条件下利用多种有机物和氢气为电子供体还原多种偶氮化合物,具有广谱偶氮还原特征.对电子供体和偶氮键的定量分析表明,还原过程中偶氮键接受的电子全部来自一级电子供体.氧气对其偶氮还原具有强烈的抑制作用.该菌株的偶氮还原系统定位在菌体的细胞膜上,推测该菌株的偶氮还原与菌体膜上的电子传递过程密切相关.菌株AzoR-2的厌氧偶氮还原在碱性pH值范围发生,其反应的最适pH值为7.5.菌株偶氮还原要求的温度范围较宽泛,在20～40℃范围内都显还原活性,最适作用温度为35℃.具有偶氮还原能力的柠檬酸菌在受偶氮染料污染的环境以及在印染废水的脱色中,可以发挥重要作用.     

电转化法将luxAB基因导入毒死蜱降解茵β菌株的研究

采用电转化法将带发光酶基因luxAB的质粒pTR102导人毒死蜱降解菌β菌株,研究了细胞生长状态、电压强度、电击时间和质粒浓度对转化效率的影响,并对转化子的生理特性进行研究.实验结果表明,以处于对数生长早期的菌液制备感受态细胞,在质粒浓度16.5μg·mL-1、电压2.5kV,电击时间3ms条件下的转化率最高,可达2....     

利用PCR-DGGE溯源典型农村塘坝饮用水中的污染

以华南地区典型农村塘坝饮用水为研究对象,采用基于大肠杆菌的两种特异性基因(β-D-葡萄糖苷酶编码基因uidA和膜外周磷通道蛋白编码基因phoE)的群体差异分析(PCR-DGGE),对饮用水中的污染情况进行了溯源研究.结果表明,采用富集培养的混合菌体DNA作为模板扩增大肠杆菌特异性基因更加实用.uidA和phoE的引物均...     

Archaeal community structure along a gradient of petroleum contamination in saline-alkali soil

The impact of petroleum on archaeal community in salinealkali soils was investigated, which will expand the knowledge of the archaeal population involved in the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons in extreme environments.     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.     

星肋小环藻、铜绿微囊藻春化作用基因控制机理

实验证实了星肋小环藻、铜绿微囊藻的春化作用后,其暴发控制机理成为研究重点。该文通过分析单细胞生物基因操作原理、遗传物质转录复制控制、温度对蛋白质的作用和酶原激活过程等,研究微藻春化作用基因控制机理,提出基因控制模型:激活基因-操纵基因连锁的基因操纵模型,由基因操纵子、调节基因和激活基因组成。该模型阐释2种藻类春末夏初大规模暴发机理:春季,调节基因产生的调节蛋白原被调节蛋白激活酶激活产生的调节蛋白与操纵基因结合,启动结构基因转录合成DNA合成酶系,DNA复制完成,藻体裂殖(繁殖)群体增长;夏季,高温下温度敏感的调节蛋白激活酶变性,使调节蛋白原激活产生变构的调节蛋白,同时与操纵基因和激活基因结合,激活基因不能产生调节蛋白激活酶激活调节蛋白原产生激活蛋白,这时铜绿微囊藻进入生长被抑制状态,星肋小环藻进入高温休眠状态;进入秋季,因之前无低温出现使热变性的激活酶复性,激活产生正常的调节蛋白与操纵基因结合,启动结构基因复制繁殖所需DNA酶系,尽管秋季温光适宜,星肋小环藻不会生长活动,铜绿微囊藻可生长但生长速度低于春末夏初时的生长速度;进入冬季,低温使热变性的激活酶复性,等待来年春暖激活调节蛋白原,启动新一年的藻生长。     

负压波泄漏监测系统在长输管道上的应用

<正>近年来,管道沿线各地企业和城镇化的飞快发展,使得大型施工机械引起的管道泄漏事故和不法份子针对输油管道的打孔盗油引发的漏油事故时有发生,给企业的安全生产造成重大的影响,使企业蒙受巨大的经济损失,对社会环境造成严重污染。如果泄漏发生时能快速、准确地定位出泄漏地点,抢修人员能及时到达事故地点,既能减轻巡线人员的劳动强度,又能减少原油损失和环境污染。负压波自动监测系统是一个能快速、准确地检测泄漏点的系统。