陕—甘天然气管道工程对环境的影响及防治对策

陕—甘天然气输气管道工程地跨毛乌素沙地南缘和陇东黄土高原,生态环境十分脆弱。根据对管道沿线生态环境现状以及输气工程对沿线生态环境影响的分析和预测,工程施工期将造成沿线植被的破坏及大片沙质地表和黄土的裸露以及土体结构的改变,使管道沿线20 m范围内的土壤可蚀性指数上升2～4倍,施工区平均侵蚀模数将会由施工前的0.856万t/(km2.a)增加至3.424万t/(km2.a)。若不采取有效的预防和保护措施,必将引起管道沿线土地沙漠化的扩大和水土流失的加剧。      

Coping with complex and dynamic systems. An approach to a transdisciplinary understanding of coastal zone developments

Complexity and uncertainty play important roles in coastal management. Economic development may push the coastal system beyond its resilience thresholds as a result of interactions between environmental and socio-economic processes. The concepts in this paper link processes of system change, natural evolutionary processes observed in coastal zones, to processes of social evolution. An indicator based on calculating an ecological footprint for coastal zones is presented to guide decision-making in spatial and economic planning. The suggested indicator may support a range of methods linking economic valuation and environmental impact analysis.     

贵州岩溶区生态环境脆弱性类型的初步划分

岩溶地区作为一个特殊的地理环境单元,具有环境承载量低、地表崎岖破碎、植被生长困难、生态环境脆弱的特点。该文以岩溶地貌发育典型、碳酸盐岩出露面积广的贵州省为例,论述了岩溶区生态环境脆弱性类型划分的主要原则,探讨了脆弱性类型划分的指标并进行了量化。在此基础上,用灰色关联度分析确定了各影响因子(指标)的权重,经过综合评判,笔者把贵州岩溶区生态环境脆弱性类型划分为5类:剧烈脆弱区、强度脆弱区、中度脆弱区、轻度脆弱区和潜在脆弱区,并针对各脆弱性类型区的特点,提出了相应的防治对策。      

巢湖生态系统之优化

巢湖为中国五大淡水湖之一,它是合肥市的可靠洪水水源,又是合肥通往长江的水上通道,并灌溉着周围40万公顷土地。然而,巢湖面临泥沙淤积、水质污染、富营养化与旱涝灾害四大生态问题。本文提出以水量调控为主的生态系统调控方法,除进行人口控制与绿化外,还进行了巢湖分洪道与江淮运河两项工程。水量调控可解决巢湖四大生态问题,还可缓解淮河中游水量不足及其水污染问题,且有水上运输的便利。计算结果表明,水量调控的湖泊生态系统优化方法是目前经济可行而有效的方法之一。     

大伙房水库输水工程水生生物水质生态评价

对大伙房水库输水工程沿线地表水体中的藻类、浮游动物、底栖动物 (水生昆虫 )进行了监测 ,从生物学的角度对其水质进行了评价 ,并对引水后水生生物多样性的变化进行分析     

武汉市巡司河中抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价

采用大体积直接进样—超高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析武汉市巡司河中45种抗生素的存在水平,评估其可能存在的生态风险。在巡司河布设6个采样点,于2022年12月—2023年5月进行采样并分析。结果显示,6个采样点共检出27种抗生素,检出最大质量浓度为874.2 ng/L;其中,氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星检出率均为100%。监测期间,12月抗生素平均质量浓度最高（101.05 ng/L）,4月最低（25.87 ng/L）。6个点位中,点位S3与S5抗生素平均质量浓度高于其他点位,分别为1 721.20和1 734.07 ng/L;点位S4是巡司河与长江的交汇处,抗生素平均质量浓度最低（94.54 ng/L）。利用风险商值法对巡司河中抗生素生态风险开展评价,结果表明：氧氟沙星、罗红霉素和克拉霉素呈现出较高风险,左氧氟沙星、林可霉素和莫西沙星在大多数点位处于中等风险,其余几种抗生素风险较低。     

我国生态环境监测标准现状、问题及建议

简述了我国生态环境监测标准的基本情况、分类及数量占比。分析了生态环境监测标准制修订过程中存在的问题,包括:配套环境监管存在缺项、对生态环境保护专项支撑不够、标准更新不及时、标准效力受限、同一目标物质的多种监测方法缺乏等效性评价、标准制修订周期较长、生物和生态遥感监测标准薄弱等。提出了加快标准制修订工作进度、建立评估复审机制和基准方法体系、加强新污染物监测科学研究等工作建议。     

Assessing the ecological security of the Tibetan plateau: methodology and a case study for Lhaze County

A system for assessing the ecological security of Lhaze County in China's Tibetan Autonomous Region was developed using a pressure-state-response model and the analytic hierarchy process. We then used this model to comprehensively evaluate the status of ecological security in Lhaze County. Our results showed that the ecological environment in Lhaze County has deteriorated from an 'early stages of damage status' in the 1980s to 'moderately damaged status' today. This deterioration has become a major barrier to local economic development and social advancement. Natural and social aspects related to the population explosion, resource exploitation, and climate change that led to this ecological deterioration are discussed. Furthermore, we have suggested proposals for improving the ecological environment that include controlling population growth and enhancing the system of laws that protect the environment, upgrading 3 882.6 ha of low-yield farmland, planting 2 425.8, 548.8, and 1 207.4 ha of shelter belts for farmland protection, soil and water conservation, and fuelwood, respectively, and seeding 2 358.1 ha of artificial grassland. In the meantime, we propose strengthening the controls that limit soil and water loss, and optimizing industrial sectors that aspire to achieve high-efficiency, ecologically responsible agriculture.     

葫芦岛市可持续发展定量评价研究

介绍了生态足迹的理论和计算方法,运用生态足迹指标并结合其它生态经济学指标对葫芦岛市可持续发展进行了定量评价研究。研究表明:葫芦岛市生态系统处于人类过度开发利用和压力下,区域经济社会发展处于不可持续状态。     

淮北市矿区生态保护总体规划

为了恢复和重建淮北矿区生态系统,本文按照矿区各塌陷地的不同特征,提出了矿区生态保护总体规划,该规划主要包括生态农业、生态工业、环保产业、生态旅游业和工业污染防治设施建设等,规划后最终使整个淮北矿区生态、社会、经济效益同步增长,矿区实现生态良性循环,促进淮北市的可持续发展。