处理日本遗弃在华化学武器专用透气防毒服的研究

本文针对日本遗弃在华化学武器的性质和特点，根据销毁工程对个人防护装备的需求．通过对目前国内外主要透气防毒材料的比较分析，提出了专用透气防毒服内外层纺织材料的技术性能指标和要求．为专用透气防毒服的研制做了前期技术准备。     

Waste separation at home: Are Japanese municipal curbside recycling policies efficient?

Recent studies have predicted that the costs and benefits of curbside recycling programs will vary considerably across municipalities. In this paper, we examine how the characteristics of municipalities are reflected in curbside recycling policies. Our analysis of Japanese municipal data reveals that municipalities implement recycling programs that fit the demographic profiles of their residents. Municipalities with a considerable number of single-recycler households tend to implement simple waste separation programs. The labor market positions of spouses have different impacts on recycling policies. We further find that the municipalities implementing comprehensive recycling programs collect plastic bottles and containers more frequently than do other municipalities. This implies that the municipalities need to take measures to effectively execute comprehensive recycling programs after implementing them.     

中日规范中关于液化和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震设计考虑之比较

评述了我国液化场地和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震设计规范.总结了中日两国液化场地和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基的抗震设计方法与技术细节,阐述了日本规范中液化场地和侧向扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震设计中的液化地基土反力折减系数的确定方法,以及土体液化侧向扩流对桩作用力的计算模式.指出我国规范中在液化和侧向扩流场地桩的抗震分析方法、不同土层分...     

二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘对虾夷扇贝幼贝血清SOD、CAT活性的影响

以虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)为受试生物,设置3种不同浓度的二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘处理健康的虾夷扇贝,检测血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化情况,结果发现:0.01~1.0 mg·L~(-1)的二甲苯、0.002~0.2 mg·L~(-1)的蒽、0.001~0.1 mg·L~(-1)的苯并[α]芘处理6、12 h后,虾夷扇贝血清SOD活性升高,处理12 h后对血清SOD活性诱导率均高于处理6 h的;处理6 h后,血清CAT活性降低,而处理12 h后,血清CAT活性升高;具有显著的剂量-效应关系和时效关系,表明二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘对虾夷扇贝具有氧化胁迫作用,可能导致其氧化损伤。相关性分析发现,3种污染物处理6 h后,血清SOD活性与CAT活性变化呈显著负相关;而处理12 h后,血清SOD活性与CAT活性变化呈显著正相关。上述结果为开展二甲苯、蒽、苯并[α]芘对海洋贝类毒性评价提供基础数据。     

日本青鳉(Oryzias latipes)胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对镉的 敏感性

物理化学方法对镉的监测忽略了其生物可利用性,生物监测可以有效地弥补这种不足。本研究测试了日本青鳉(Ory-zias latipes)胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对镉的敏感性。结果表明:日本青鳉胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量对镉表现出较高的敏感性,卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量在4μg·L-1的氯化镉暴露后就出现显著降低;氯化镉对卵黄期仔鱼脊柱畸形的EC50低于国家地表水环境质量标准规定的Ⅱ类水标准;脊柱畸形率与镉浓度之间存在的线性关系,可为定量监测镉污染提供理论依据;脊柱畸形可以在48h之内被4μg·L-1的氯化镉极显著地诱导,因此这种潜在的生物监测模型很有希望应用到水环境污染的快速预警中。通过对国内主要水体中镉污染水平的分析发现,卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量变化和脊柱畸形率对部分水体的镉污染可以实现生物监测。因此,利用日本青鳉胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对低水平镉污染的高度敏感性,能够建立起1种简易廉价并且有效的水环境中低水平镉污染的生物监测模型。     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品对中国白羽鹌鹑的毒性

为研究全氟辛烷磺酸盐(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)替代品对环境生物的毒害效应,选用中国白羽鹌鹑作为受试生物,建立其环境危害评价毒性测试方法,并对PFOS替代化学品进行了急性经口、急性饲喂及繁殖毒性的风险评价。结果表明,全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂急性经口毒性实验的LD50为500.44mg·kg-1,其余3种替代化学品在上限浓度2000mg·kg-1,白羽鹌鹑均未出现明显死亡,4种PFOS替代品对中国白羽鹌鹑的急性经口毒性均为低毒。全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂急性饲喂毒性实验的LC50为970.50mg.kg-1,对白羽鹌鹑的饲喂毒性为中毒,而其余3种替代化学品在上限浓度5000mg·kg-1,白羽鹌鹑均未出现明显死亡,对中国白羽鹌鹑的急性饲喂毒性为低毒。在长期饲喂过程中,织物三防整理剂和C6织物三防整理剂会表现出一定的生殖毒性,造成中国白羽鹌鹑的孵化率降低,胚胎死亡率及未受精率升高;全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂会影响到中国白羽鹌鹑的未受精率,C4织物三防整理剂未表现出明显的生殖毒性。     

Differences in the behavior characteristics between Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka in an on-line biomonitoring system

It is important to select suitable organisms to adapt the requirement of di erent environment monitoring purposes. Following our previous study, the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka (Oryzias latipes) were investigated and compared under flow-through conditions in an on-line biomonitoring system. The results showed that both D. magna and Japanese madaka had similar biological clock, but the circadian rhythms of Japanese madaka was more clearly recorded than that of D. magna. And the sensitivity of D. magna was about two orders of magnitudes higher than that of Japanese madaka in di erent types of toxic chemicals (dichlorovos, deltamethrin and cadmium chloride). However, when both animals were used in an on-line biomonitoring system, the life span of D. magna was less than 7 days and Japanese madaka could last for more than one month without feeding. Therefore, D. magna was proposed to be a more sensitive bioindicator and was suitable for short term monitoring the pollution events at concentration level closing to the water quality standard, while Japanese madaka was more suitable for the long-term monitoring for accidental discharges.     

Heat and carbon dioxide generated by honeybees jointly act to kill hornets

We have found that giant hornets (Vespa mandarinia japonica) are killed in less than 10 min when they are trapped in a bee ball created by the Japanese honeybees Apis cerana japonica, but their death cannot be solely accounted for by the elevated temperature in the bee ball. In controlled experiments, hornets can survive for 10 min at the temperature up to 47°C, whereas the temperature inside the bee balls does not rise higher than 45.9°C. We have found here that the CO₂ concentration inside the bee ball also reaches a maximum (3.6 ± 0.2%) in the initial 0–5 min phase after bee ball formation. The lethal temperature of the hornet (45–46°C) under conditions of CO₂ concentration (3.7 ± 0.44%) produced using human expiratory air is almost the same as that in the bee ball. The lethal temperature of the honeybee is 50–51°C under the same air conditions. We concluded that CO₂ produced inside the bee ball by honeybees is a major factor together with the temperature involved in defense against giant hornets.     

大型地下厂房围岩三维粘弹塑性数值模拟

目前,地下工程围岩尤其是大型岩石地下工程围岩的粘弹塑性分析研究少见报道。针对这种情况,本文根据西原粘弹塑性流变模型相关理论开发了hhu-vp流变计算软件,以用于大型岩石地下工程围岩粘弹塑性流变数值模拟分析;并以一简单算例与软件FLAC-3D比较,结果偏差在容许范围内。将其应用于水布垭大型地下洞室围岩流变研究中,对该地下洞室的施工开挖及支护处理过程进行了模拟,提出了支护处理意见,并对其运营期的长期稳定性作出了评价。     

染织排水对日本青鳉幼鱼和胚胎的毒性效应

采用日本青鳉幼鱼及胚胎暴露评估染织排水的毒性效应.4个测试水样采自染织工厂排水口.96 h急性毒性试验表明:1和2号水样对幼鱼急性毒性效应不明显,3和4号水样对幼鱼具有急性毒性效应,毒性单位分别为0.47、0.53、9.93和1.68TUa,1和2号水样为微毒,3号水样为中毒,4号水样为低毒.14 d胚胎幼鱼慢性毒性试...