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31.
Ghauch A Turnar C Fachinger C Rima J Charef A Suptil J Martin-Bouyer M 《Chemosphere》2000,40(12):1327-1333
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be successfully used for the quantitative determination of small amounts of pollutants like metals. The remission function was found to be linearly proportional to the concentration, when we applied the Kubelka–Munk equation. The color reactions of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) with dithiooxamide, were realised on filter paper. Reaction between Fe(III) and ammonium thiocyanate was realized on filter paper and gelatine matrix. All measurements were accomplished with a laboratory-constructed reflectometer. We have obtained a calibration curve by plotting the optical density of reflectance AR vs log of the mol l−1 concentration. Limits of detection at the 10−4 M level were estimated for all the compounds. Linear dynamic range extend over one order of magnitude and shows the potential of device for the quantitative analysis of environmental pollutants. 相似文献
32.
Hui Zhang Jianguo Liu Changjin Ou Faheem Jinyou Shen Hongxia Yu Zhenhuan Jiao Weiqing Han Xiuyun Sun Jiansheng Li Lianjun Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):1-8
The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles(NiFe_2O_4) is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800°C, magnetic NiFe_2O_4 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized NiFe_2O_4 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H_2O_2 or NiFe_2O_4 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ± 0.1% and 13.5% ±0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe_2O_4 and H_2O_2, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe_2O_4 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between_Ni II and_Fe III ions in the NiFe_2O_4 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal. 相似文献
33.
A terrestrial biotic ligand model (t-BLM) was developed to predict nickel toxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum) root elongation in hydroponic solutions. The competitive effects of five major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and H+) on Ni toxicity were investigated and Mg2+ was found to be a strong competitor, while H2+ showed less competing effect. Besides free Ni2+, the toxicity induced by the species NiHCO3+ was non-neglect able at pH > 7 because NiHCO3+ occupied a significant fraction of total Ni under such condition. Thus, a t-BLM including Ni2+, NiHCO3+, Mg2+, and H+ could successfully predict the nickel toxicity to wheat root elongation and it performed better prediction than the conventional free ion activity model. In addition, the model was examined with two sets of independent experiments, which contained multiple cations and low-molecular-weight organic acids to mimic the rhizo-sphere condition. The developed t-BLM well predicted nickel toxicity in both experiments since it can account in both complexation and competition effects, suggesting its potential to be used in a complicated matrix like soil solution. This study provides direct evidence that the t-BLM is a reliable method for the risk assessment of nickel in terrestrial system. 相似文献
34.
镍对蔬菜毒害临界值的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用水培+土培的方法研究了镍对蔬菜的毒害临界值。先采用水培法从18种福建常见蔬菜中筛选出对镍毒害的高敏感蔬菜,再通过土培试验确定土壤镍对高敏感蔬菜的毒害临界值。结果表明,在水培条件下镍对蔬菜生长存在低浓度的刺激效应和高浓度的抑制效应。综合表观症状和蔬菜地上部生物量降低20%的效应浓度值(EC20)确定清江白(Brassica chinensis L.)和蕹菜(Lpomoea aquatica Forsk.)为镍毒害的高敏感蔬菜。以蕹菜为指示作物的土培试验表明,随着镍添加量的增加,蕹菜地上部生物量显著下降。以土培条件下蕹菜地上部生物量降低10%为依据,确定土壤有效镍毒害临界值为2.21mg·kg^-1(DTPA提取);根据野外采集的菜园土壤DTPA提取镍和全镍的回归关系,求得土壤全镍毒害临界值为43.67mg·kg^-1。 相似文献
35.
36.
Robert D. Cairns 《Resources Policy》1982,8(1):59-64
The level of rents attributable to natural resource producers depends on the risk faced by those producers. This paper argues that estimates of risk in mining should control for characteristics of firms such as diversification and debt financing. The capital asset pricing model is applied to securities of three Canadian nickel mining firms over the period 1961–1974. It is concluded that the level of risk was not unusually high. 相似文献
37.
An ECO-optimized reuse of process liquors addresses the financial gain and the effective use of resources. In processes that have a potential for process liquor recovery, the minimization of both economic and environmental burdens can be realised by an ECO-optimal design of reuse and recycling network (RRN).In this paper, a procedure for synthesizing such an RRN for a metal finishing process is investigated. The simultaneous analysis of environmental impact sensitivity (SAEIS) based on a superstructure approach, combined with multi-objective optimization is performed by mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). This allows an “eco–eco” trade-off i.e. total annualized cost and environmental impacts are minimized simultaneously. By varying the weighting factor, different RRN alternatives were generated. A replacement of the standard and closed-loop system by these solutions, even for the environmentally friendliest case, yielded a reasonable cost saving on raw material's inputs. 相似文献
38.
实验着重研究了合成 1 3X沸石分子筛吸附重金属离子中的镍离子。结果表明 :当废水pH≥ 5 ,CNi2 + ≤ 2 0 0mg/L ,吸附时间为 30min ,按镍 /沸石质量比为 1∶50投入沸石进行处理 ,镍离子的去除率可达到 99%以上。处理后废水均达到工业排放标准。 相似文献
39.
镍对纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus.sp.)毒性作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了重金属镍对一种淡水绿藻──纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus.sp.)的毒性作用.结果表明:纤维藻对镍毒作用反应敏感.镍对纤维藻的半数有效浓度96EC50为0.33μg/mL镍,当镍浓度≥0.4μg/mL时,纤维藻的生长受到明显抑制,生长滞期延长,光合作用受阻,细胞膜透性增加.当镍浓度为3.2μg/mL时,其蛋白质氨基酸含量明显下降. 相似文献
40.
A. M. Markkola U. Ahonen-Jonnarth M. Roitto R. Strmmer M. Hyvrinen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(3)
Scots pine seedlings were exposed to wet-deposited nickel (Ni) and removal of lichen cover in a dry heath Scots pine forest. Ni deposition affected the colonization of roots by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi in contrasting ways in intact and skimmed quadrats. Highest frequencies of tubercle morphotypes of ectomycorrhiza were found in quadrats exposed to 100 mg m−2 year−1 Ni in lichen covered treatment, while in skimmed quadrats these peaked after the treatment with 10 mg Ni m−2 year−1. Removal of the lichen layer increased the value of diversity index (H′) of ectomycorrhizal fungal community, probably due to the increase in the evenness of the morphotype distribution. Lichen removal seemed also to improve the condition of the short roots, as the frequencies of poor and senescent short roots were decreased by the removal. 相似文献