环境负荷—ICI公司环境评价的新指标

介绍英国ＩＣＩ公司评价和报告环境状况的一种新指标－环境负荷，ＩＣＩ公司将排放物对大气和水源的环境影响分为；酸度，全球气候变暖，人类健康影响，臭氧层破坏，光化学臭氧层形成，水中氧消耗和水生物毒害，并确定了每种化学品对各类别环境造成影响的潜能因子；用每一种排放的重量和潜能因子相乘得出ＥＢ。根据ＥＢ值的大小，可知各种排放物对环境的潜在影响程度。     

Persistent organic pollutants control strategy in China

The development of Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) control policy in China in the context of international concerns on POPs was reviewed. The aspects of the Chinese POPs control strategies were analyzed, and compared with those of developed counterparts(e.g. US, EU, Japan). Currently, while the legal framework on POPs management, which complies with intemational guidelines has been established, it should be improved in the areas of special POPs management, risk assessment, the precautionary principle, lifecycle management and technical support capacity. The analysis of Chinese POPs policy and suggestions for strengthening the sciencebased decision making capacity are not only useful for Chinese decision-makers, but also a case study for developing wodd and make a great contribution for the global elimination of POPs to make a toxic-free future.     

流域水环境污染物总量控制技术及运用分析

本文首先阐述了TMDL在污染物总量控制中的应用,然后结合特点和存在的不足之处,对我国总量控制技术的实施现状进行了剖析,最后明确提出了水环境污染物总量控制技术实施体系的构建措施,旨在将流域水环境的污染物排放控制在合理范围内,确保良好的控制效果,最大程度地满足环境质量标准。所以现对流域水环境污染物总量控制技术及运用进行详细论述,希望为相关行业人士提供些许帮助。     

Determination of levels of polychlorinated biphenyl in transformers oil from some selected transformers in parts of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

Although polychlorinated biphenyls have never been manufactured in Ghana, it has been used extensively as dielectric fluid in electric transformers and capacitors. However, very little is known of its health and environmental impacts by both managers of these transformers and capacitors and also the general public. This work therefore seeks to explore INAA as a possible alternative to screening transformer oils for PCBs by determining the total chlorine content. The total chlorine content of transformer oil samples from Ghana that tested positive and some randomly selected samples that tested negative from screening using CLOR-N-OIL test kits, have had their total chlorine estimated. INAA using the Research Reactor located at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission was used to estimate the total chlorine content of the oil samples. Neutron Activation and gamma ray spectroscopy using HPGe detector coupled to MAESTRO 32 software was used to determine the total chlorine content by integrating the peak area of the spectrum into a simplified program that was developed from the activation equation. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was able to validate the result obtained from the test kits screening with accuracy 7.5%.The minimum total chlorine content of the positive samples determined by NAA was 71.34 μg g⁻¹.     

东伶仃洋海域水质调查

选择出11项评价因子,采用单项分指数法和平均分指数法,在涨潮、落潮、涨落潮时分别对伶仃洋东部海域水质进行监测,并与历史资料进行对比,对评价因子超标进行评价和原因分析,提出了补救与预防措施.     

怠速工况下汽车使用乙醇汽油排放污染物的变化

对怠速工况下使用乙醇汽油汽车尾气中污染物进行了检测.结果表明,使用乙醇汽油后,汽车尾气中CO和HC浓度明显降低,平均下降率为56.9%和38.2%;NOx平均下降率为15.0%;CO2浓度平均增长率为5.04%;苯系物浓度明显降低,平均下降率在45.5%～53.1%;醛类的浓度增加明显,平均增长率在47.8%～293%;丙酮、丁酮的浓度增加,分别为16.6%和25.3%.     

大气颗粒物对人体健康影响的研究情况

本文对大气粒状污染物的成分、流行病学研究及防治对策进展进行了介绍。     

长江流域全氟化合物污染态势与生态效应

简述了PFASs在长江流域上、中、下游水环境中的空间分布格局和时间变化趋势，探讨了其生物蓄积效应、淡水生物毒性效应和生态风险评价。指出，PFASs广泛赋存于长江流域从上游至下游的干流和支流及湖泊之中，其平均值低于我国其他主要流域；PFOA在长江流域内环境浓度最高，而PFOS在近10年环境管控措施下浓度降至极低，PFBS、PFBA和PFHxA等短链物质正作为替代物使用，可能在未来出现升高趋势。长江流域内水生动物（包括食用鱼类）能够从环境中富集PFASs并通过食物链传输，在其血液、肌肉和内脏中蓄积。虽然目前长江流域生态风险评价表明PFASs总体上风险为低级，但局部高浓度地区仍可能对敏感生物造成基因表达受损等毒性效应。     

浑太河流域水质达标控制方法研究

结合浑太河流域水资源网络节点图,根据污染物来源、种类及其产生机理,针对计算单元水资源供需平衡预测数据、降雨径流值,分点源、非点源进行规划水平年污染物入河量的预测。根据浑太河流域地形特征、入河污染物降解特性,以水功能区水体纳污能力为计算单元污染物排放总量控制条件,给出基于规划水平年入河污染物变动特性的水质达标控制方法。运用该方法进行浑太河流域水质达标控制:2030年,流域总需水7.4亿立方米,缺水深度在1%以下,COD、NH3-N、TP、TN的入河量分别为28.5×104、2.8×104、3.1×104、4.6×104t,对应的入河控制量分别为9.3×104、0.6×104、0.8×104、0.9×104t,经控制后水功能区目标水质达标率100%。证实了该水质达标控制方法有效、可行。