Application and Quality Assessment of an Instantaneous Vehicle Emission Model at Fleet Level

A developed instantaneous emission model is applied to predict emission factors for small vehicle fleets for quality assessment. Extensive vehicle measurements of pre-Euro-1 gasoline, Euro-3 gasoline, and Euro-2 diesel vehicles are available. The data were used to develop individual vehicle emission models for each car. The prediction quality for each vehicle category was determined by averaging the results obtained from the individual vehicle models. The results show that the prediction quality is improved in comparison with the individual vehicles, even with a small number of vehicles in a specific category. This indicates that the errors in the individual models are mainly random and that prediction quality, when applied to fleets of cars, is exceptionally high.     

矿井风流年龄与矿井空气品质分析

矿井空气品质是矿井通风理论的新思路，是人们认识矿井空气环境的一种科学方法。通过对矿井风流年龄与矿井空气品质分析，重点论述和讨论了矿井风流年龄的定义及其计算；矿井风流污染物的定义，通风分支均匀释放污染物时分支空气污染物浓度的计算，局部集中散发污染物的分支污染物浓度计算；矿井空气品质的定义，任意分支空气品质的计算，分支汇合点的空气品质计算；研究了矿井风流空气品质随时间、空间变化的动态性，分析了矿井空气品质与矿井风流年龄及污染物的关系。矿井空气品质是矿井通风设计和评价矿井风流质量的重要理论依据     

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by sensitized room temperature phosphorescence

Direct and selective simultaneous determination of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by sensitized room temperature phosphorescence in sodium dodecylsulphate micellar solutions was studied. This approach improved, for example, the selectivity factor in determining pyrene in the presence of fluoranthene by a factor of 350, and determined benz[a]anthracene and anthracene in the presence of pyrene with the selectivity factors as high as 200–220. Triphaflavine and acridine orange as triplet energy donors, thallium (I) nitrate as a heavy atom, and sodium sulphite were used as scavengers of oxygen. A comparative study of linear concentration ranges, detection limits and selectivity factors is presented here for pyrene, benz[a]anthracene and anthracene determination by fluorescence, phosphorescence and sensitized phosphorescence. Electronic Publication     

三峡水库对长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段水质影响初探

本文利用已有的研究成果，初步探讨了三峡工程兴建之后，在正常蓄水位时长江，嘉陵江重庆城区段的水文，水力学特征，预测了重庆城区范围２０１０年的污染物排放水平，用二维水质模型对建库后两江城区段的水质进行了模拟，并对建库前后的浓度变化作了大致的比较。     

水环境中有机污染物与溶解性有机质相互作用研究

溶解性有机质(DOM)是水环境中重要的有机组分,主要通过氢键、范德华力、疏水作用等多种作用吸附结合有机污染物,影响有机污染物的迁移转化等环境行为,同时DOM对水环境中有机污染物的吸附作用还受DOM和有机污染物的性质等诸多因素的影响。     

有色金属工业中持久性有机污染物的来源及其控制对策

介绍了四类非故意排放的持久性有机污染物及其形成条件,深入研究了有色金属冶炼、再生生产过程及有色金属深加工过程中持久性有机污染物的来源,并提出了在有色金属工业中控制持久性有机污染物排放的对策和措施。     

生活大气污染物排放总量核定办法

提出了生活大气污染物总量核定办法，依据南京市2000年生活燃料消耗情况，估算了2000年南京市生活大气污染物SO2、NO2、TSP的排放总量。     

生物法净化有机污染物的酶反应动力学修正

以生化法处理有机污染物的系统为讨论对象 ,从底物负荷影响微生物生长的角度出发 ,通过对有机污染物负荷与生化反应速度之间的关系的分析 ,得出进口底物浓度的大小会影响生物反应器内微生物的量的多少 ,从而影响器内的生化反应速率的结论 ,并按照“稳定平衡”假说的设想 ,建立了修正的Michaelis -Menten公式     

The effect of surface-active solutes on water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated porous media with capillary fringe effects

Organic contaminants that decrease the surface tension of water (surfactants) can have an effect on unsaturated flow through porous media due to the dependence of capillary pressure on surface tension. We used an intermediate-scale 2D flow cell (2.44 x 1.53 x 0.108 m) packed with a fine silica sand to investigate surfactant-induced flow perturbations. Surfactant solution (7% 1-butanol and dye tracer) was applied at a constant rate at a point source located on the soil surface above an unconfined synthetic aquifer with ambient groundwater flow and a capillary fringe of approximately 55 cm. A glass plate allowed for visual flow and transport observations. Thirty instrumentation stations consist of time domain reflectometry probes and tensiometers measured in-situ moisture content and pressure head, respectively. As surfactant solution was applied at the point source, a transient flow perturbation associated with the advance of the surfactant solution was observed. Above the top of the capillary fringe the advance of the surfactant solution caused a visible drainage front that radiated from the point source. Upon reaching the capillary fringe, the drainage front caused a localized depression of the capillary fringe below the point source because the air-entry pressure decreased in proportion to the decrease in surface tension caused by the surfactant. Eventually, a new capillary fringe height was established. The height of the depressed capillary fringe was proportional to height of the initial capillary fringe multiplied by the relative surface tension of the surfactant solution. The horizontal transport of surfactant in the depressed capillary fringe, driven primarily by the ambient groundwater flow, caused the propagation of a wedge-shaped drying front in the downgradient direction. Comparison of dye transport during the surfactant experiment to dye transport in an experiment without surfactant indicated that because surfactant-induced drainage decreased the storage capacity of the vadose zone, the dye breakthrough time to the water table was more than twice as fast when the contaminant solution contained surfactant. The extensive propagation of the drying front and the effect of vadose zone drainage on contaminant breakthrough time suggest the importance of considering surface tension effects on unsaturated flow and transport in systems containing surface-active organic contaminants or systems, where surfactants are used for remediation of the vadose zone or unconfined aquifers.     

大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究综述

应用大气污染物扩散模式可以模拟不同尺度、气象、地形条件下工业污染物在大气中的输送与扩散特征,为大气监测、城市环境规划和空气质量预报等工作提供科学依据.归纳了目前广泛应用于模拟工业污染物扩散的模式,着重介绍了近年来国内外对这些模式的主要应用研究进展,比较了各模式在应用上的优缺点,并对大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究前景进行了讨论.