闽江河口湿地资源和保护对策

该文介绍了闽江河口湿地的基本状况，分析了湿地保护中存在的主要问题，提出了保护闽江河口湿地的建议。     

鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策

阐述了鸭绿江滨海湿地生态环境主要类型及其动植物资源现状、主要生态环境问题及其产生原因 ;提出了鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策     

洪泽湖湿地资源保护与可持续利用研究

洪泽湖湿地生物多样性比较丰富，湿地植被群丛多样，重点保护鸟类种类众多，种群数量大。调查结果显示：洪泽湖湿地共鉴定出浮游植物165种、水生高等植物81种、浮游动物91种、底栖动物69种、鱼类102种、鸟类194种。我们研究了洪泽湖湿地的大气、河流、湖泊环境质量，在分析洪泽湖湿地的破坏程度和原因后，提出了洪泽湖湿地保护对策和可持续利用途径。     

Risk Assessment of Riparian Plant Invasions into Protected Areas

Abstract:  Protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated. River corridors represent crucial links to the surrounding landscape but are also major conduits for invasion of alien species. We developed a framework to assess the risk that alien plants in watersheds adjacent to a protected area will invade the protected area along rivers. The framework combines species- and landscape-level approaches and has five key components: (1) definition of the geographical area of interest, (2) delineation of the domain into ecologically meaningful zones, (3) identification of the appropriate landscape units, (4) categorization of alien species and mapping of their distribution and abundance, and (5) definition of management options. The framework guides the determination of species distribution and abundance through successive, easily followed steps, providing the means for the assessment of areas of concern. We applied the framework to Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa. We recorded 231 invasive alien plant species (of which 79 were major invaders) in the domain. The KNP is facing increasing pressure from alien species in the upper regions of the drainage areas of neighboring watersheds. On the basis of the climatic modeling, we showed that most major riparian invaders have the ability to spread across the KNP should they be transported down the rivers. With this information, KNP managers can identify areas for proactive intervention, monitoring, and resource allocation. Even for a very large protected area such as the KNP, sustainable management of biodiversity will depend heavily on the response of land managers upstream managing alien plants. We suggest that this framework is applicable to plants and other passively dispersed species that invade protected areas situated at the end of a drainage basin.     

Response of Savanna Fire Regimes to Changing Fire-Management Policies in a Large African National Park

Abstract:  Approaches to fire management in the savanna ecosystems of the 2-million ha Kruger National Park, South Africa, have changed several times over the past six decades. These approaches have included regular and flexible prescribed burning on fixed areas and a policy that sought to establish a lightning-dominated fire regime. We sought to establish whether changes in management induced the desired variability in fire regimes over a large area. We used a spatial database of information on all fires in the park between 1957 and 2002 to determine elements of the fire regime associated with each management policy. The area that burned in any given year was independent of the management approach and was strongly related to rainfall (and therefore grass fuels) in the preceding 2 years. On the other hand, management did affect the spatial heterogeneity of fires and their seasonal distribution. Heterogeneity was higher at all scales during the era of prescribed burning, compared with the lightning-fire interval. The lightning-fire interval also resulted in a greater proportion (72% vs. 38%) of the area burning in the dry season. Mean fire-return intervals varied between 5.6 and 7.3 years, and variability in fire-return intervals was strongly influenced by the sequencing of annual rainfall rather than by management. The attempt at creating a lightning-dominated fire regime failed because most fires were ignited by humans, and the policy has been replaced by a more pragmatic approach that combines flexible prescribed burning with lightning-ignited fires.     

Diapycnal Mixing in the Thermocline of Lakes: Estimations by Different Methods

In order to evaluate the performance of different methods for estimation of the vertical eddy diffusivity in thermally stratified lakes, two field studies were conducted in Lake Biwa, Japan and Lake Kinneret, Israel. Lake Biwa experienced three typhoons during the campaign while Lake Kinneret experienced high winds in the afternoons. Microstructure profiles were collected by a portable flux profiler (PFP) during calm and disturbed periods. Then, the vertical eddy diffusivity was estimated by three indirect methods. The estimated vertical eddy diffusivities varied more than one order of magnitude, from 4.7× 10⁻⁷ to 7.7× 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹. The comparison of results with previous buoyancy flux measurements and scaling arguments showed that the Dillon–Park’s method is not appropriate and Osborn–Cox method performs better than Osborn method in the studied case. Furthermore, the low value of vertical eddy diffusivity within the thermocline suggests that within the thermocline of these lakes, diffusive vertical transport can be neglected.     

洞庭湖区湿地生物多样性保护及其可持续利用

洞庭湖区是我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地之一，复杂多样的湿地类型和生态环境蕴含了丰富的生物资源，但长期以来由于人类不合理的开放利用，导致了洞庭湖区湿地面积和景观结构发生了很大变化，湿地生态功能也遭到严重破坏，生物多样性不断减少，本文分析了洞庭湖区湿地生物多样性现状及保护的意义，湿地生物多样性面临的威胁，并提出了洞庭湖区湿地生物多样性保护及其可持续利用的主要对策。     

生态工业园保障体系的建设与完善

本文分析了目前生态工业因的保障体系建设存在的问题,从运行机制、政策法规、科学技术、人力资源、意识能力培养五个方面,分析和探讨了生态工业因保障体系建设的具体内容,构建并完善了生态工业因建设的保障体系框架和内容,为生态工业因的建设提供了有效的保障和支撑.     

复合垂直流构建湿地基质微生物类群及酶活性的空间分布

对构建湿地基质微生物类群数目及酶活性的空间分布特点进行了研究，为进一步深入研究构建湿地净化污水的机制提供了可能，研究表明：（1）不同月份构建湿地基质的微生物类群目是不相同的。（2）基层不同层次之间其微生物类群数目不相同，上层数目较中下层多，最多几乎达三个数量级，（3）下行流池中的微生物类群数目较上行流池多。（4）下行流池中的脲酶活性较上行流池高，且上层高于中下层。（5）上行流池中的磷酸酶活性较下行流池为高。     

辽宁省湿地生态环境监测指标探讨

根据辽宁省湿地生态环境特点 ,研究讨论了建立湿地生态环境监测指标体系应遵循的原则 ,并提出了优先监测项目