细菌表面展示技术及其在环境重金属污染修复中的意义

从细菌表面展示系统构成、载体蛋白的选择和细菌表面展示策略等方面综述了细菌表面展示技术及其发展,分析了它们的优缺点,指出了细菌表面展示技术用于重金属污染修复存在的问题,提出了解决问题的思路和方法。     

The degradation of gel-spun poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) “wool”

The apparent biodegradability and biocompatibility of the microbially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), has been the focus of much research by a number of authors with regard to its potential for use in packaging and medical implantation devices. PHB has recently been produced by gel-spinning into a novel form, with one possible application being as a wound scaffolding device, designed to support and protect a wound against further damage while promoting healing by encouraging cellular growth on and within the device from the wound surface. This new nonwoven form combines a large volume with a low mass, has an appearance similar to that of cotton wool, and has been called wool because of this similarity. The hydrolytic degradation of this wool was investigated in an accelerated model of pH 10.6 and temperature 70°C. It was determined that the PHB wool gradually collapsed during degradation. The surface area-to-volume ratio was concluded to be a primary influencing factor. Degradation was characterized by a reduction in the glass transition temperatures and melting points and a fusion enthalpy peak of maximum crystallinity, (88%), which coincided with the point of matrix collapse.     

Proposed mechanism for bacterial metabolism of polyacrylate

A possible aerobic degradative pathway for polyacrylate was examined with trimer (1,3,5-pentane tricarboxylic acid; PTCA)-utilizing bacteria. A few metabolic products from PTCA accumulated in culture filtrates and reaction mixtures of washed cells. Fraction A was detected as a main metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography. A small amount of fraction B was concomitant with fraction A. Another fraction, C, was also detected. These compounds were suggested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to be 1,3,5-(1- or 2-pentene)tricarboxylic acid (fraction A or B) and 1,3,5-(2-oxopentane)tricarboxylic acid (fraction C). Fraction A was quickly further metabolized by washed cells, but fraction B was only gradually degraded. From these results, the metabolic pathway for polyacrylate is suggested to be quite similar to-oxidation for saturated fatty acids. The degradation of PTCA by washed cells was slower than that by growing cells and was inhibited by 5 mM NaN₃. This suggests that the metabolism is linked to a respiratory chain or energy-producing system of bacteria which can aerobically assimilate PTCA.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.     

广东省部分饮用水源地水中总α和总β放射性水平

调查广东省不同地区饮用水源地水中总α、总β放射性水平,分丰水期和枯水期2次各采集20个不同水样,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法放射性指标》(GB/T 5750.13—2006),利用BH1227型低本底α、β测量仪测定样品。结果表明,40个水样中总α、总β放射性水平分别为0.017 Bq/L~0.286 Bq/L和0.027 Bq/L~0.397 Bq/L,测量值均在正常本底波动范围之内,放射性指标符合国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)。     

两种不同构型b射线颗粒物分析仪线性关系的有效性评价

为评价导流锥式同时采样-测量β射线颗粒物分析仪的测量准确度,以分步采样-测量β射线颗粒物分析仪采样分析作为参比方法,使用2类构型的仪器对环境空气中可吸入颗粒物PM₁₀和细颗粒物PM_2.5进行长期平行比对监测.本文依据EN 16450标准对比对数据线性关系进行有效性评价,建立了修正的线性方程,导出了方法间不确定度评价式,结果表明导流锥式同时采样-测量结构和分步采样-测量结构的β射线颗粒物分析仪之间存在有效的线性关系.通过仪器内置修正参数浓度斜率、浓度截距修正后,在较宽浓度跨度范围（0~250μg/m³）内和足够多的比对数据（n>100）条件下,两种不同结构的仪器监测PM₁₀和PM_2.5的比对斜率、截距和相关系数（参比方法作为X轴）均能满足EPA CFR 40part53的要求.     

Prenatal evaluation of fetal renal function based on serum beta2-microglobulin assessment

The relationship between fetal renal function (FRF) and fetal serum beta₂-microglobulin (B2MG) was investigated by comparing its value in 112 unaffected fetuses with that of 23 fetuses presenting with urinary tract malformations (UTM). Fetal serum level of B2MG was totally unrelated to gestational age; its value increased in cases of severe impairment of FRF but was similar to controls in all mild uropathies (p<0.05). Evaluating serum B2MG could be beneficial in fetuses with severe renal damage, but is of no use in unilateral UTM since only the global FRF is tested and not the function of each single kidney. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MPC-9604型流气式四路低本底α、β计数器效率研究

简述了MPC-9604型流气式四路低本底α、β计数器效率校准的基本原理,研究了α源各铺样质量与探测效率的关系。     

The Effect of UV-B Irradiation on the Biodegradability of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Poly-ɛ-Caprolactone (PCL)

The biodegradability of poly--hydroxybutyrate and poly--caprolactone in soil compostage before and after irradiation of the polymers for 192, 425, and 600 h in a Weather-Ometer was examined. The biodegradability tests were done in soil compostage at pH 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 to assess the influence of this parameter on degradation. The rate of degradation was directly proportional to the soil alkalinity. Poly--hydroxybutyrate showed the greatest weight loss and aging in a Weather-Ometer did not significantly increase the biodegradation, except when the polymer was aged for 425 h and buried in soil compostage of pH 11.0.     

Second-trimester levels of maternal urinary gonadotropin peptide in down syndrome pregnancy

Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP; β-core fragment), a major metabolite of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), was shown recently to be markedly elevated in Down syndrome pregnancy between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. To confirm and extend this finding, we obtained maternal urine and matching maternal serum samples from 14 cases of Down syndrome and six other aneuploidies between 17 and 21 weeks of gestation. UGP was measured in all these samples and in 91 singleton control urines. Results were corrected for urinary creatinine level and expressed as multiples of the control median (MOM). hCG levels were assayed in all serum samples from the cases and compared with previously established reference values. The median UGP level in Down syndrome cases was 5.34 MOM (range 2.71–12.57); 88 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile of control levels after modelling. The median maternal serum hCG level for the same cases was 2.20 MOM (range 0.84–3.40); 36 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile. The level of UGP in every case including all other aneuploidies was higher than the comparable maternal serum hCG level. Elevated UGP measurements are strongly associated with fetal Down syndrome during the second trimester and could contribute to improved Down syndrome screening protocols that are more accessible and less expensive than are currently available.