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131.
Improving the extraction of tetrachloroethylene from soil columns using surfactant gradient systems 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Childs JD Acosta E Knox R Harwell JH Sabatini DA 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2004,71(1-4):27-45
In this work, we extend the recently developed gradient approach for surfactant-enhanced remediation of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-impacted sites. The goal of the gradient approach is to maximize the DNAPL solubilization capacity in swollen micelles (Type I aqueous microemulsions) while at the same time minimizing the potential for DNAPL mobilization. In this work, we introduce a modified version of the capillary/trapping curve that we refer to as the gradient curve to help interpret and/or design the gradient approach. The gradient curve presents the residual DNAPL saturation as a function of interfacial tension and microemulsion viscosity. This approach demonstrates that keeping a low viscosity of the microemulsion phase is not only important for keeping a low head loss during surfactant flooding but also to prevent oil mobilization. Eight microemulsion systems were evaluated in this research; these systems were evaluated based on their tetrachloroethylene (PCE) solubilization capacity, interfacial tension (IFT), viscosity, density, and coalescence kinetics. Two of these systems were chosen for evaluation in site-specific column tests using an increasing electrolyte gradient to produce a decreasing IFT/increasing solubilization gradient system. The column studies were conducted with media from Dover Air Force Base in Dover, DE. Both solubilized and mobilized DNAPL were quantified. During the column studies, we observed that substantial PCE was mobilized when the residual level of PCE in the column was significantly higher than the steady-state residual saturation level being approach (as predicted from the gradient curve). Four column studies were performed, three of which were used to asses the validity of the gradient curve in predicting the residual saturation after each gradient step. From these tests we observed that starting IFTs of less than 1 mN/m all produced the same mobilization potential. In the last column, we used an additional gradient step with an initial IFT above 1 mN/m to dramatically reduce the amount of PCE mobilize. Based on the good agreement between column results and projections based on the gradient curve, we propose this as a preferred method for designing gradient surfactant flushing systems. 相似文献
132.
阿特拉津降解菌的生长规律及降解特征的实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了菌种生长曲线的测定,求得AT菌的对数期代时为3.87d,生长速率为0.258d^-1;不同基质浓度的降解实验表明,在农药污染质阿特拉津的低浓度体系中,AT菌降解阿特拉津的反应符合一级动力学模式,属于米氏方程曲线的第一阶段的情形,并拟合出关系式V=0.064S。 相似文献
133.
A traditional method of summarizing spatial distribution of species is the observed species-area curve. Often the observed species-area curve is surprisingly close to the expected species-area curve under the hypothesis of random placement of individuals. This has been used as evidence supporting the hypothesis. In this paper, we argue that using the observed species-area curve to test the general random placement hypothesis is highly inefficient. We present a testing method based on the classical 2 test for over-dispersion which is not only more efficient but also applicable to situations where complete abundance information are unavailable. We also discuss three alternatives of the hypothesis. The focus of this paper is on these and other general issues relevant to communities of different types. No applications are included in this paper. 相似文献
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135.
The curve of ion exchange ratio(%)-pH of the interactionbetween suspended particles with Cd(II) in the Yellow River wasstudied. The effects of lysine on this curve have been alsoinvestigated. The results showed that (1) Cadmium in Cd(OH)+ formin the suspended particles exchanges with the cations.The exchangeratio of Cd2+ is nearly at its greatest value in the range of pH(8.0-8.5) in natural aquatic system; (2) Ion exchange ratiodecreases as the concentration of Cd2+ raises from 8.9×10-6 mol/L to 2x8.9 x 10-6mol/L; (3) At the lysine concentration of 6.8x10-6 mol/L, it can promote the ion exchange ratio; (4) Adsorption of thesuspended particles to cadmium is weaker in seawater and Jin ShaRiver than in the Yellow River. 相似文献
136.
采用3种方法分别制作的SO2校准曲线无显著差异,且斜率一致,测定标准样品均在保证值范围之内,说明省略标定NaSO3的过程是可行的,同时对甲醛法给定的浓度范围和斜率值进行质疑。 相似文献
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139.
虽然以往对于环境库兹涅兹曲线(EKC)的研究中考虑了正式制度因素如政府机构监督,但是较少考虑非正式制度因素.本文重点检验两种制度情境的影响,微观层面的环境态度形成的非正式制度以及宏观层面的环保机构监督形成的正式制度对大气污染排放量的影响.基于CGSS2010-2013和2015年的数据库,从中提取出体现环境态度的问题,将其赋值指标化后,作为制度情境纳入环境方程.经过公开数据的收集,得到我国26个省份2010-2014年5年的面板数据.通过固定效应和随机效应模型,发现机构监督与人均GDP的交互项对氮氧化物、烟(粉)尘、二氧化硫排放都有影响,但是公众态度与人均GDP的交互项只对烟(粉)尘排放有影响,从而对不同制度情境下的环境库兹涅兹曲线进行了探索. 相似文献
140.