A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada

Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems. As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha⁻¹ for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha⁻¹ with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s.     

长江口岛屿湿地的底栖动物资源研究

调查了长江口3个岛屿湿地的底栖动物资源及其生态特征和环境功能。经鉴定底栖无脊椎动物有41种,优势种为河蚬(Corbiculafluminea)、焦河蓝蛤(Potamocorbulaustulata)、缢蛏(Sinonovaculaconstricta)、麂眼螺(Rissoinasp.)、光滑狭口螺(Stenothyraglabra)、谭氏泥蟹(Ilyrplaxdeschampsi)、无齿相手蟹(Sesarmadenaani)和天津厚蟹(Helicetridenstientsinensis)。讨论了底栖动物资源的主要生态学特征及其环境功能,提出了对底栖动物资源合理利用与保护的建议。     

中国南中国海海岸湿地退化现状和保护对策

南中国海湿地包括广东省、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、广西壮族自治区和海南省等五个行政区,总面积为15 393.75 km2。由于受人口增加和经济发展的巨大压力,中国南中国海湿地破坏严重,退化趋势明显。本文在对中国南中国海地区海岸湿地的现状、类型及湿地退化的主要原因进行分析的基础上,提出中国南中国海地区海岸湿地资源保护与管理的建议,以便切实保护中国南中国海沿海多样化的湿地类型,持续发挥其生态服务功能。     

可持续发展与草原生态环境保护——以内蒙古草原区为例

草原具有自然和社会两方面的功能，在实现这些功能的过程中，应该遵循可持续性发展原则来维持健康的草原。草原的自然功能是社会功能的基础和保障，草原的社会功能是自然功能的延伸和发展，社会功能的发挥是建立在自然功能实现基础之上的。内蒙古地区在发展过程中要以科学发展观为指导，把建设社会主义新牧区的任务与草原发展的丰富内涵结合起来，加强草原生态环境保护，建设环境友好型和资源节约型社会。     

大力开展清洁生产做好节能环保工作

在开展清洁生产过程中，江苏油田真武天然气集中处理站通过节约用水和冷量回收工艺的技术改造，减少了外排水，使水得到循环利用；能量得到很好的利用，增加了产品的产量，给企业增加了经济效益。     

西北地区高速公路建设中的水土保持

就西北地区高速公路建设的水土流失特点进行了分析，并提出了工程防范措施。     

双冲击泡沫水浴除尘器在钢铁联合企业双燃料锅炉上的应用

结合工程实例介绍了双冲击泡沫水浴除尘器的应用领域、结构特点、处理效果及其现实意义和发展前景。     

Can Forest-protection carbon projects improve rural livelihoods? Analysis of the Noel Kempff Mercado climate action project,Bolivia

We studied the Noel KempffMercado Climate Action Project (NKMCAP),Bolivia, to assess whether forestprotection carbon (C) projects cansignificantly benefit local people. Wehypothesized that forest protection canonly securely deliver C if significantstakeholders are meaningfully andtransparently involved, traditional orcustomary rights are recognized and theirloss compensated for, and there are directlinkages between conservation anddevelopment objective. Our researchfocused on 53 members of the communities ofFlorida, Porvenir and Piso Firme and 36secondary stakeholders. In each of thevillages we held half-day meetings withcommunity leaders, complemented bysemi-structured one-hour interviews with 5,10, and 7 families, representing 20%, 10%and 8% of each community. The long-termimpact of the NKMCAP on the localcommunities may well be positive. However,in the short run, certain sections of thelocal communities are financially poorer. Forest protection projects clearly have thepotential to sequester C, protectbiodiversity and simultaneously contributeto sustainable rural development, but ifthey really are to improve rurallivelihoods, they must be designed andimplemented carefully and participatively.     

我国现阶段应采取的节水措施

文中提及我国现阶段节水工作要从提高新水资源利用率入手，在进行节水宣传教育的同时，建立能动的节水机制，充分利用宝贵的降水资源，发挥可利用新水资源最大的效率，为我国未来经济社会的发展创造有利的条件。     

Climate Change and Energy Technologies

The long time scale of the climate change problem and the inherent nature of the carbon cycle bring important implications for present technology development efforts. Even if major technology improvements are achieved for non-carbon-emitting technologies such as energy-intensity improvements, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear over the course of the 21^st century, most examinations of potential future greenhouse emissions conclude that additional technology development will be required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. The evelopment of an expanded suite of technologies including carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen systems and biotechnology hold the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper examines these technologies in the context of a global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, land-use, economics, and carbon cycle processes.