高精度热电离质谱定年及其对第四纪环境研究的意义

用高精度、高灵敏度不平衡铀系热电离质谱 (TIMS)法测定第四纪地质年龄 ,并已在古气候、古环境、古海洋、考古学以及近代活动火山作用的研究中取得了一系列重要成果。本文介绍了我们用MAT -2 62质谱仪对石笋、珊瑚进行测试并取得比较满意结果的情况。     

美国环境产业相关政策及启示

本文将美国的环境产业发展过程划分为三个阶段，并对后两个阶段的政策特点进行了分析。最后，借鉴美国环境产业相关的政篆并结合我国国情，提出了针对我国环境产业发展的建议。     

A model of radiocesium cycling in a sand hills—Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis) ecosystem

Digital simulation models of radiocesium cycling in Turkey Oaks were developed from in situ ¹³⁴Cs tagging studies. Predictions of ¹³⁴Cs steady-state distribution for 3-, 4- and 5-compartment, donor-controlled models were compared with the estimated fallout ¹³⁷Cs distribution as a measure of model validation; output from the 5-compartment model compared best. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that Turkey Oak burden of ¹³⁴Cs was equally sensitive to the output rate from the tree compartment and the availability of ¹³⁴Cs for uptake (i.e., presence in the root zone) but not the rate of uptake by Turkey Oaks. Observed distribution and model predictions indicate that radiocesium is readily bioaccumulated by Turkey Oaks (～13% of the ecosystem burden) from the soil and is cycled within the sand hills—Turkey Oak ecosystem.     

美国杏李园主要害虫与天敌类群间相关性分析

应用典范相关分析方法研究了美国杏李园丰要害虫与天敌间的相互关系,在未受干扰的自生园中.害虫亚系统与天敌亚系统间第一典范相关系数达到显著水平,天敌亚系统中瓢虫类、草蛉类与主要害虫蚜虫类,螨类的数量变动规律一致.而蜘蛛类与主要害虫的数最关系不密切,化防园内主要害虫与天敌间的典范相关系数均未达显著永平,这表明未受干扰的自生园和生防园内,害虫与天敌亚系统间存在着有效的数量反馈机制,天敌对害虫具有一定的自然抑制作用,而化防园内,害虫与天敌间的数量反馈机制因农药干扰而失调,生态平衡受破坏.自生园和生防园害虫与天敌主要类群间具正相关关系.害虫亚系统中,蚜虫类贡献最大,其次为山楂叶螨和李小食心虫:天敌亚系统中蜘蛛和瓢虫贡献最大,其次为瓢虫类和草蛉类,草蛉类贡献最小.说明蜘蛛类、瓢虫类与主要害虫的数量变动规律一致.而草蛉类与美国杏李园主要害虫的数量关系不密切.     

Methodological convergence as an issue within environmental cognition research

Two perspectives in the analysis of pointing and mapping tasks as the measure of representations of the large-scale environment are examined. These two perspectives are: (1) an individual difference approach; and (2) a cognitive representational approach. Convergence between methods assessing the same geographical/spatial knowledge is necessary as evidence for the existence of unified cognitive-spatial representations of the environment.Three sets of analyses interrelate performance on pointing and mapping tasks. In the first analysis, a confirmatory factor analytic model is applied to short tests of pointing and mapping accuracy to determine whether one or two factors are needed to account for covariation between the tests. In the second analysis, covariation among errors in pointing and mapping of specific locations is partitioned into general and specific method factors using the Schmid-Leiman procedure. In the third analysis, pointing errors for identical locations within the mapping and pointing tasks are directly compared on the basis of directional errors.The three analyses indicate that: (1) tests of pointing and mapping measure highly related abilities; (2) the targets used in pointing and mapping tasks are of differential importance in identifying general and specific method factors; and (3) there is little or no direct correspondence between directional errors made in pointing tasks and those occurring in mapping tasks for the same locations.When results of the three analyses are examined in relationship to criteria for convergence of pointing and mapping tasks, little evidence is found to suggest that directional errors in these tasks arise from a unified mental representation of the geographical environment. However, substantial predictable individual differences are apparent for both tasks.     

Biosorption of mercury by Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida: Influence of zinc, cadmium and nickel

The article investigated the adsorption of Hg(II) on Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida in monometallic system and in the presence of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II).     

美军基于模拟仿真的加速腐蚀系统

美军最新开发了全尺寸车辆腐蚀模拟仿真和建模工具,称为加速腐蚀专家模拟器(ACES),它与实际加速腐蚀耐久性试验(ACDT)数据高度相关.该系统引入现有全尺寸车辆3D几何模型,进行综合检测以确定有无故障并报告补救措施;采用了基于腐蚀和涂层失效机理分析的各种人工智能解决方案;使用了由专家、ACDT、实验室试验数据以及现场观...     

西南某地粘土对U吸附的动态模拟实验研究

选择西南某地正电荷发育的弱酸性粘土TY4作为吸附介质,加5%Ca(OH)2作为添加剂制作模拟屏障,用模拟核废液对介质做动态淋滤实验,得出了铀浓度随流量、pH值的变化曲线。实验结果表明,随高度增加屏障的吸附性能增大,渗透系数减小。屏障在pH为11和9附近时吸附效果较强。     

Featured Collection Introduction: Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters

Connectivity is a fundamental but highly dynamic property of watersheds. Variability in the types and degrees of aquatic ecosystem connectivity presents challenges for researchers and managers seeking to accurately quantify its effects on critical hydrologic, biogeochemical, and biological processes. However, protecting natural gradients of connectivity is key to protecting the range of ecosystem services that aquatic ecosystems provide. In this featured collection, we review the available evidence on connections and functions by which streams and wetlands affect the integrity of downstream waters such as large rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. The reviews in this collection focus on the types of waters whose protections under the U.S. Clean Water Act have been called into question by U.S. Supreme Court cases. We synthesize 40+ years of research on longitudinal, lateral, and vertical fluxes of energy, material, and biota between aquatic ecosystems included within the Act's frame of reference. Many questions about the roles of streams and wetlands in sustaining downstream water integrity can be answered from currently available literature, and emerging research is rapidly closing data gaps with exciting new insights into aquatic connectivity and function at local, watershed, and regional scales. Synthesis of foundational and emerging research is needed to support science‐based efforts to provide safe, reliable sources of fresh water for present and future generations.     

改性腐殖酸对铀的吸附的试验研究

通过静态吸附实验,探讨了改性HA对U(Ⅵ)吸附影响。考查pH值、时间、U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响。结果表明:pH值对改性腐殖酸的吸附效果影响较大,改性腐殖酸吸附U(Ⅵ)的最佳pH值为6,最大去除率为99.37%,吸附在60 min内基本达到平衡。UO22+在改性腐殖酸上的吸附是放热过程,符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,相关系数达0.99以上,表明IHA对铀的吸附是以表面为主要吸附位,并不是均匀的单层吸附。图8,参9.