西藏自治区自然保护区事业的现状和展望

介绍了西藏自治区保护区事业的发展概况和现状，指出了目前保护区建设与管理中存在的主要问题，对今后保护区的规划与发展提出了意见和建议。     

Do dominants have higher heterozygosity? Social status and genetic variation in brown trout, Salmo trutta

A key question of evolutionary importance is what factors influence who becomes dominant. Individual genetic variation has been found to be associated with several fitness traits, including behaviour. Could it also be a factor influencing social dominance? We investigated the association between social status and the amount of intra-individual genetic variation in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Genetic variation was estimated using 12 microsatellite loci. Dominant individuals had higher mean heterozygosity than subordinates in populations with the longest hatchery background. Heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations did not find any evidence of inbreeding; however, single-locus analysis revealed four loci that each individually differed significantly between dominant and subordinate fish, thus giving more support to local than general effect as the mechanism behind the observed association between genetic diversity and a fitness-associated trait. We did not find any significant relation between mean d ² and social status, or internal relatedness and social status. Our results suggest that individual genetic variation can influence dominance relations, but manifestation of this phenomenon may depend on the genetic background of the population.     

徐州市生态环境质量动态评价与整治研究

应用层次分析法，系统评价了徐州市1990－1999年间的生态环境质量状况，得出了该市生态环境质量在研究时段间总体上呈现出逐渐恶化的趋势等结论，从而可为政府等相关部门的决策提供必要的参考。     

江苏规划高速公路网生态环境影响研究

以RS和GIS为基础，运用遥感信息提取、编制自然保护专题系列图、系列图与规划高速公路网叠加、缓冲分析、统计分析等方法，对江苏省规划高速公路网生态环境影响进行分析。规划的5纵9横6联线路中的9条，对127个不同类型保护区中的9个有影响。11个过江通道中的5个对沿江饮用水源保护地有影响。规划高速公路占用的土地中76．74％是基本农田。跨越太湖的沪宁复线将加重梅梁湾、五里湖的水质富营养化。针对上述问题，从保护生态环境的角度提出6大对策：避绕生态保护对象，修改跨太湖线路方案，合理规划穿越山地丘陵区的线路，减少平原区生态破坏，调整过江通道与饮用水源地的交叉关系，保护白鳍豚生存环境安全。     

Why is dominance hierarchy age-related in social insects? The relative longevity hypothesis

In temperate regions, older eusocial hymenopteran females with annual life cycles (annual-temperate) tend to dominate younger females, a behavior demonstrated by many Polistes. However, in queenless ponerine ants and primitively eusocial tropical wasps (perennial/tropical), a younger female can be dominant and occasionally takes over from the older, most dominant reproductive female, the alpha. We investigated these patterns using an inclusive fitness model. The most important difference between the above two cases lay in the length of individual life compared with colony life. Colonies dissolve before winter in the annual-temperate case, so the expected future tenure of the replacement alpha is never longer than that of the original alpha. This makes the non-reproductive subordinate tactic more advantageous for individuals that emerge later in the season because of the fitness cost of superseding. The perennial/tropical case does not have a clear upper limit for colony longevity, so the model predicts that late-born younger daughters are more likely to challenge their mother-alpha because of the expected long future tenure of the new alpha compared with the small indirect cost of the mothers reproductive failure. To switch tactics from being a subordinate to being the new alpha is only optimal in some situations. The high mortality rate of subordinate workers does not qualitatively alter the above pattern. The specific sexual production schedule of the colony sometimes affects the optimal behavior of females in the perennial/tropical case, and older individuals can dominate younger ones when the end of current round of sexual production is imminent.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

试论精确农业及我国行动对策

精确农业是超前性的农业新技术。由于精确农业充分地利用了作物、土壤和病虫害的空间和时间变化量来进行耕作和田间管理,因而,取得的经济和环境边际效益非常显著。结合我国国情,研究发展适用的精确农业技术体系、应用体系不仅是必要的,而且是可能的。精确农业的研究与发展将有助于我国人口、资源与环境方面重大问题的解决,有助于农业资源的高效利用和农业环境保护。为了适应精确农业应用,作为核心技术的地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术也应在界面、功能、可操作性、信息源、实时性和处理速度等方面进行改进,深入研究多层次集成系统     

生物难降解有机污染物微生物处理技术的进展

耗氧有机污染物的微生物处理技术已日趋完善，研究重点转向生物难解污染物处理，文章详细阐述了几种生物难降解污染物微生物处理技术的研究进展：（１）几种污染物的高效降解微生物的分离培养以及这些高效降解微生物的降解效率和最佳降解条件研究。（２）利用微生物共代谢作用降解污染物的研究，为一些难以作为微生物唯一碳源和能源的污染物生物降解提供一条有效的途径；（３）利用基因工程技术创建高效降解菌的研究，该项技术在提高     

脆弱生态区评价的理论与方法

由于脆弱生态区的脆弱性不仅表现为其内部结构的不稳定,而且还表现在它对外界干扰反应的敏感上,脆弱生态区的现状、发展趋势及其稳定性都是其脆弱性固有属性的表现形式,因此,脆弱生态区的评价也就应该包括脆弱生态区的现状评价、趋势评价和稳定性评价等。论文在对脆弱生态区重新界定的基础上,以模糊评价理论对脆弱生态区的现状、以灰色预测和趋势函数法对脆弱生态区的发展趋势、以非线性理论对脆弱生态区的稳定性进行评价。     

秸秆发电的现状和展望

介绍了秸秆发电的重要意义以及在国内外的发展现状，分析了秸秆发电存在的问题，并提出相应的解决办法，最后展望了秸秆发电在国内的市场前景。     

阿拉善高原生态环境退化研究进展

区域生态环境退化问题是当前研究的热点内容,分析其研究现状及存在问题能更好地把握其核心领域并开展更进一步的研究。本文以典型生态环境脆弱区——阿拉善高原为研究对象,系统梳理了该区域土地沙漠化、沙尘暴演化、土地利用/覆被变化、绿洲退化、水量减少与水质恶化等与生态环境退化相关领域的研究进展。在分析已有研究成果的基础之上,就不同生态环境退化问题研究存在的不足进行了归纳总结,并提出了今后需要重点开展的研究内容,以期为阿拉善高原乃至其他生态环境脆弱区生态系统的研究提供参考。