全球化背景下长江三角洲巨型工程建设研究

全球化是影响城市和区域发展的重要因素。长江三角洲地区既是中国社会经济资源最密集的地区,又是中国在全球化过程中较早融入世界经济的重要区域。在全球化进程不断加速的背景下,长江三角洲地区必须通过区域整合发展提升其在全球竞争体系中的地位。巨型工程作为全球化和区域一体化的支撑体系,越来越多地出现在长江三角洲地区,已经成为城市和区域建设的重要内容。在介绍巨型工程概念的基础上,从实证分析的角度出发,总结分析长三角地区城市开发、形象塑造等巨型工程的发展以及包括机场、港口、快速轨道和高速公路的综合交通体系的建设布局,并提出了部分规划设想。最后,集中探讨了巨型工程对长江三角洲地区全球化进程的重要影响。     

论上海全球城市建设

全球化正在导致城市与区域的空间重构。伴随世界经济增长重心向亚太地区转移,产生新的全球城市将成为亚太地区城市发展的特征之一。中国正成为东亚地区增长最快、经济最具活力的地区之一,上海则极有希望崛起成为一个重要的全球城市。首先总结了全球城市的特征,并简要从国际资本流、国际贸易、跨国公司总部、金融业及高级生产者服务业、国际交通通讯信息平台等方面分析得出上海已具全球城市雏形,同时也指出了其与主要全球城市的差距;在此基础上,阐述了上海为建设全球城市而必须进行的调整与转型,主要包括产业结构重构和转移、社会结构转型、城市空间扩展等方面;最后提出了上海全球城市的建设目标,即建成全球制造业管理中心、全球交通中心、全球交易中心。     

Economic Globalization and Industrial Pollution

Abstract

In order to study the relationship between economic globalization and industrial pollution, this paper developed the theoretical framework and used simultaneous equations. The result shows that economic globalization has influences on the industrial pollution mainly by the direct effect of scale, structure and technology as well as the indirect effect of income and policy. Considering all the factors, economic globalization, especially foreign direct investment (FDI), will reduce industrial pollution, in which technology spillover effect plays an important role.     

全球化变革下的中国对外自然资源流动及其关键研究问题

应对全球化变革及其不确定性,认识中国对外自然资源流动的特征与问题,是保障国家资源安全的基础,对实现高质量、可持续发展有重要意义。对应国际劳动分工从产业间贸易、产业内贸易到全球价值链的不同阶段,理解中国对外自然资源流动有不同的理论视角。现有研究主要关注自然资源以原始形态和制成品中的隐含形态在国家之间的流动,讨论了中国对外自然资源流动在供给与需求、利用强度与效率、资源禀赋与流向,以及全局与局部影响之间的矛盾。未来研究仍面临理论和现实的挑战。在理论方面,适应全球价值链分工发展,引入全球生产网络理论探讨企业间互动关系如何塑造自然资源流动路径,能更好地适应中国从“引进来”向“走出去”的转变,以及当下自然资源综合治理的研究需求。在现实方面,应对日益增强的不确定性,亟需深化对自然资源流动网络韧性,以及“双循环”互促关系的认识。     

全球化与粮食安全新格局

当今世界正面临“百年未有之大变局”,中国与全球的粮食安全面临重大挑战。为了系统认知全球化与粮食安全的新格局、新问题和新路径,邀请了十位来自不同专业领域的知名专家,就耕地增产潜力、农业水土资源与粮食生产、食物浪费、国际农产品贸易、重点农产品保供稳供、全球农业食物系统、双循环与企业行动、全球粮食生产与消费、国际粮安治理、粮食安全研究前沿等领域进行了一对一的交流访谈。访谈结果表明：全球农业食物系统进入复合型高风险时代,国际粮安治理面临资源、约束力、行动力等方面的挑战,凸显国家粮食安全尤其是进口依赖型农产品的保供稳供压力,需要加强国内农业供给侧改革与需求侧管理。全球化发生新变化,考验中国深化农业对外开放、参与全球粮安治理、实现国家粮食安全的能力水平。面对复杂的国际国内形势,国家粮食安全治理需要坚持系统思维、统筹国内国际、瞄准全产业链、强调风险管控、处理好政府与市场关系,进一步深入研究食物系统和粮食安全、生态系统和粮食安全、高质量发展与粮食安全、农业对外开放与粮食安全、双循环新格局与粮食安全等方面的具体方式路径,为新时期建立健全“以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑”的国家粮食安全战略提供科学参考。     

The Dynamics of Rural Vulnerability to Global Change: The Case of southern Africa

Research on the agricultural impacts of global change frequently emphasizesthe physical and socioeconomic impacts of climate change, yet globalchanges associated with the internationalization of economic activity mayalso have significant impacts on food systems. Together, climate change andglobalization are exposing farmers to new and unfamiliar conditions.Although some farmers may be in a position to take advantage of thesechanges, many more are facing increased vulnerability, particularly in thedeveloping world. This paper considers the dynamics of agriculturalvulnerability to global change through the example of southern Africa. Wedemonstrate that the combination of global and national economic changesis altering the context under which southern African farmers cope withclimate variability and adapt to long-term change. We find that farmers whoformerly had difficulty adapting to climatic variability may become lessvulnerable to drought-related food shortages as the result of tradeliberalization. At the same time, however, removal of national credit andsubsidies may constrain or limit adaptation strategies of other farmers,leaving them more vulnerable to climate variability and change.     

基于复杂网络的全球稻米贸易格局演化及其启示

运用复杂网络分析方法,采用2000—2016年国际贸易关系数据构建了全球稻米贸易网络,分析了全球稻米网络格局演化特征及中国在全球稻米贸易格局中的角色变化。研究发现：（1）2000—2016年全球稻米贸易网络规模不断扩大、相互依赖性加深,网络结构的异质性特征明显,核心节点对网络稳定性有控制作用;（2）印度、泰国、中国、越南、巴基斯坦、美国是网络核心节点,东南亚、南亚、东亚地区保持着全球稻米贸易核心区地位;（3）全球稻米贸易网络划分为六个主要组团,地理临近是组团格局形成的重要因素,组团内部呈现出口国主导、进口国跟随的特征;（4）中国作为全球最大的稻米进口国家,进口来源相对稳定。建议今后我国继续挖掘全球稻米贸易潜力,充分发挥贸易网络的优势,在风险可控前提下,增加进口、优化出口,提高贸易网络的复杂性,从而提升安全保障能力。     

Macroeconomic Policy,Growth, and Biodiversity Conservation

Abstract: To successfully achieve biodiversity conservation, the amount of ecosystem structure available for economic production must be determined by, and subject to, conservation needs. As such, the scale of economic systems must remain within the limits imposed by the need to preserve critical ecosystems and the regenerative and waste assimilative capacities of the ecosphere. These limits are determined by biophysical criteria, yet macroeconomics involves the use of economic instruments designed to meet economic criteria that have no capacity to achieve biophysically based targets. Macroeconomic policy cannot, therefore, directly solve the biodiversity erosion crisis. Nevertheless, good macroeconomic policy is still important given that bad macroeconomy policy is likely to reduce human well‐being and increase the likelihood of social upheaval that could undermine conservation efforts.     

新形势下我国金融安全预警及安全策略

在日益融入金融全球化的新形势下 ,我国金融业存在严重安全隐患。这些隐患的形成原因既具有和其他开放发展中国家一致的共性特征 ,也和我国处于经济转型的特定历史阶段相关。笔者对我国新形势下金融安全问题进行了较为详细的分析 ,并结合历次国际金融危机 ,尤其是东亚金融危机的教训和我国的实际 ,提出了构建我国金融安全预警指标体系与预警机制以及相关配套措施 ,以维护我国金融安全。特别是创造性地提出了我国金融安全监测预警指标系统至少应包括 3个层次 ,即国家宏观经济运行指标、金融机构安全监测预警指标和货币安全监测预警指标 ,以及要从全方位、多层次采取措施。     

Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management in Different Jurisdictions

The concept of sustainable forest management (SFM) requires forest resource managers to monitor and collect information pertaining to their environmental, economic and social impact. There are increasing expectations from a variety of publics (government, customers, and other stakeholders) that forests be demonstrably well-managed, creating incentives for forest managers to design credible systems for assessing their management performance. It is against this background that local, national and international approaches to regulating forest practices have been evolving. This article reviews the different dimensions of governance as they relate to monitoring and information reporting in the forest sector. Specifically, it discusses the changing role of sovereignty, the effects of globalization and the emergence of civil society stakeholders in forestry-related decision-making. Concepts such as sovereignty and globalization have important implications for monitoring forest practices and for defining SFM. Whether SFM standard creation and enforcement involves a sovereign, shared-sovereignty or civil society approach will affect the level and nature of SFM monitoring. As a result, we need to better consider the concept of monitoring appropriate to the scale and intensity of operations, how monitoring and information reporting standards differ between jurisdictions, and what this means for independently verifying SFM at an inter-jurisdictional level.