用于含油污水处理的气浮旋流耦合技术研究

建立了气浮旋流耦合装置。测试了气浮旋流耦合装置的分离效果，实验表明，在加气量质量比为0．003-0.020，含油污水浓度为50—300mg／L条件下，气浮旋流耦合装置可比单纯的旋流分离装置的分离效率提高10％，50％。     

旋流器用于气体吸收的试验研究

旋流器中流体沿切向进入腔体,旋转产生离心力场或超重力场,可探索将旋流器用于强化热质传递方面.试验中采用一小型旋流器系统对二氧化碳进行了吸收的试验研究,测定和分析了气液相界面积及扩散时间,并计算了脱碳效率,对于旋流器在强化热质传递方面的应用具有一定的意义.     

稠油废水预处理工艺

针对稠油废水乳化严重等特点,采用"沉降除油-旋流油水分离-气浮净化"预处理工艺,并选择处理效果明显的破乳剂进行破乳。实际应用结果表明,该工艺合理,处理效果良好,运行稳定,出水水质达到设计要求,回收了80%以上的原油。     

基于新型反应器的好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性控制

为避免好氧颗粒污泥随着粒径和密度的变化屡次出现其稳定性失去控制,导致好氧颗粒污泥系统运行失败的状况发生,开发了一种新型反应器能够很好地控制好氧颗粒污泥的粒径和密度.新反应器结合旋流器的使用提供了2种排泥方式,其一是短的沉淀时间,将大粒径和高密度的颗粒污泥存留在反应器中;其二是一种专有的污泥排除工艺,选择出反应器内潜在的可能存在进一步粒径增长和密度扩大从而破坏反应器运行稳定的大粒径和高密度的颗粒,并将其排除.以上2种方式保证了反应器内颗粒污泥的粒径长期维持在300～1 000μm,进而维持整个系统的稳定性.对新型反应器生成的颗粒污泥进行动力学参数的测定,该工艺所形成颗粒的能量维持系数为0.08～0.10,就新陈代谢活动的代谢途径而言,相比传统颗粒污泥系统发生较大改变,维持新陈代谢活动所消耗COD较传统工艺偏高.另外,出水水质COD的降解率平均达到92%,氨氮降解率平均达到60%.     

油田污水中污泥处理试验研究

介绍了污水中污泥处理及离心分离技术的现状,针对油田污水处理现状开展现场试验研究工作。研究包括两个部分,即旋流浓缩试验和离心机稠化试验。研究发现,旋流浓缩一级旋流器的脱水率始终保持在80％左右,两级旋流器的脱水率可以达到94％以上,离心机稠化污泥中含水量均在80％以下。达到了预定的技术指标要求。     

Removal of non-point pollutants from bridge runoff by a hydrocyclone using natural water head

A hydrocyclone using natural water head provided by bridge was operated for the treatment of stormwater runoff. The hydrocyclone was automatically controlled using electronic valve which is connected to a pressure meter. Normally the hydrocyclone was open during dry days, but it was closed after the capture of the first flush. The results indicated that the average pressure and the flow rate were directly affected by the rainfall intensity. The pressure head was more than 2 m when the rainfall intensity was above 5mm·h^-1. The percentage volume of underflow with high solids concentration decreased as the pressure and flow rate increased, but the percentage volume of overflow with almost no solids showed the opposite behavior. The total suspended solids （TSS） concentration ratio between the overflow and inflow （TSSover/TSSin） decreased as a function of the operational pressure, while the corresponding ratio of underflow to inflow （TSSunaer/TSSi,） increased. The TSS separation efficiency was evaluated based on a mass balance. It ranged from 25% to 99% with the pressure head ranging from 1.4 to 9.7 m, and it was proportional to pressure and flow rate. Normally, the efficiency was more than 50% when the pressure was higher than 2 m. The analysis of the water budget indicated that around 13% of the total runoff was captured by the hydrocyclone as a first flush, and this runoff was separated as underflow and overflow with the respective percentage volumes of 29% and 71%. The pollutants budget was also examined based on a mass balance. The results showed that the percentage of TSS, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN）, and total phosphorus （TP） in underflow were 73%, 59%, 7.6%, and 49%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrocyclone worked well. It separated the first flush as solids-concentrated underflow and solids-absent overflow, and effectively reduced the runoff volume needing further treatment. Finally, four types of optional post treatment design are presented and compared.     

石油焦化冷焦废水封闭分离与利用技术

提出了一种多级降温冷凝-梯级污染物分离-组分机械纯化的集成石油焦化冷焦废水封闭分离与利用技术。将其应用于1Mt／a冷焦废水处理系统,运行结果表明,废水循环再生率、污油循环使用率、石油焦粉回收使用率、挥发性有机物回收利用率均达100％。与国内外同类技术相比,该技术具有冷焦废水处理效果好、投资小、经济和社会效益显著等优点,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

水力旋流条件对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性影响

对带有旋流装置的新型序批式反应器(R1)和其对比反应器(R2、R3)的好氧颗粒污泥的形态、粒径、比耗氧速率及动力学参数进行了对比分析.结果表明,在一定范围内提高剪切力能加快颗粒污泥的形成速率和粒径增长速率,但无法有效控制粒径范围.与R2有相同气体表面上升流速的R1,由于其旋流器提供的特殊旋流剪切力和摩擦力能延缓其污泥颗粒化进程,从而有效控制了颗粒粒径的增长;R1、R2、R3的SOUR分别0.80、0.48和0.32 mg·h-1·mg-1,表明新型反应器R1培养的好氧颗粒污泥活性较高;通过对动力学参数分析,R1中的维持系数m和非生长基质消耗比例Smin/CODinfluent分别为0.13 h-1和9％,均大于R2(0.077 h-1,9％)和R3 (0.084 h-1,1％),表明水力旋流条件不仅可以有效控制颗粒的粒径而且提高了颗粒污泥系统的稳定性.     

用于含油污水处理的气浮旋流耦合技术研究

建立了气浮旋流耦合装置.测试了气浮旋流耦合装置的分离效果,实验表明,在加气量质量比为0.003～0.020,含油污水浓度为50～300 mg/L条件下,气浮旋流耦合装置可比单纯的旋流分离装置的分离效率提高10%～50%.     

单锥轻质分散相液-液水力旋流器的内流场预测

本采用内流场模型，计算了轻质分散相液液旋流器内的流线分布与速度分量。结果表明：轻质分散相旋流器内的流线分布状况明显不同于固液旋流器。理论预测的轴向速度分布能够与实测数据很好地吻合；切向流速分布随轴向位置有微量的变化，与径向坐标之间的关系可按半自由涡形式拟合，但拟合出的指数约在0．35～0．39之间．明显低于固液旋流器中相同的指数；径向速度分量明显随轴线位置变化，与径向位置之间成线形关系。径向速度分量与轴向速度和切向速度相比大约小两个数量级。