从生命周期评价看白色污染治理

本文论述了我国发泡PS餐盒及其替代品的发展状况和国内外的相关政策 ,采用生命周期评价的方法 ,讨论了从原料开采、生产加工、使用 ,到回收或废弃全过程不同产品的环境负荷 ,指出简单替代并不能真正解决污染问题 ,而PS餐盒的回收再利用更有益于治理白色污染和保护环境     

"虚拟产品开发"及其在环境试验中的应用

阐述了“虚拟产品开发”(VPD)的概念、形成过程、原理及现存的应用平台。结合环境试验工作,讨论了应用此技术的必要性和前景,给出了具体实施方案和几个应用的例子。     

H-酸的催化湿式氧化反应过程研究

湿式氧化（ＷＡＯ）和催化湿式氧化（ＣＷＡＯ）都能有效地处理染料中间体－－Ｈ－酸。所有的Ｈ－酸在５ｍｉｎ内均被支除和形成一些中间产物。在不同反应时间段测定了ｐＨ值及阴、阳离子和小分子有机酸等中间产物。分析表明,ｐＨ值与ＣＯＤ的去除及有机酸的产生有密切的联系,Ｈ－酸被氧化成ＮＨ４＾＋、ＳＯ４＾２－、ＨＣＯＯＨ和ＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ。ＷＡＯ法的瓜速率慢而且氧化乙酸困难。而ＣＷＡＯ法的反应速率不但快而且能有效地     

浅析宜宾市旅游资源开发的方向与对策

通过分析宜宾市旅游资源开发的现状及问题,对该市旅游资源的开发方向提出了自己的见解,并具体论述了该市旅游资源开发的对策。     

Ethanol washing of PAH-contaminated soil and Fenton oxidation of washing solution

As a means to remediate soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we investigated a combined process involving ethanol washing followed by a Fenton oxidation reaction. Artificial loamy soil was contaminated with various representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, or benzo(a)pyrene) at concentrations ten times higher than regulatory soil standards of The Netherlands or Canada, and then washed four times in ethanol, which reduced the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination to below the regulatory standard. Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, or indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed a removal efficiency of 73.3%–99.0%; by contrast, solutions containing naphthalene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, or benzo(b)fluoranthene showed a removal efficiency of 9.6%–27.6%. Since each of the nonremediated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, excluding benzo(b)fluoranthene, are easily biodegradable, these results indicate that the proposed treatment can be successfully applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil that does not contain high concentrations of benzo(b)fluoranthene. The main reaction products resulting from Fenton oxidation of ethanol solutions containing anthracene or benz(a)anthracene were anthraquinon or benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione, respectively; while 1,8-naphthalic anhydride was produced by solutions of acenaphthylene and acenaphthene, and 9-fluorenone by a fluorene solution. Received: June 9, 1998 / Accepted: March 24, 1999     

中国能源消费增长的分解——基于投入产出方法

能源是当前中国快速工业化和城市化进程中面临的重要问题,分析其消费增长各个环节的能耗效应是制定节能措施的基础。论文利用投入产出表将1990～1995、1997～2002年中国能源消费增长分解为中间需求效应、技术效应和最终需求效应。研究结果表明,技术效应是减少能源消费的关键因素,在1997～2002年间,技术效应的作用更加明显。中间需求效应与技术效应具有明显的负相关性,有可能通过替代效应对技术效应做出反应,因此,行业之间全面的技术进步很重要,尤其是对那些中间需求调整敏感的行业而言。从单个行业来看,对耗能大户和最终需求量增加快的行业应重点加强技术进步。此外,最终需求效应与国际贸易结构密不可分,应该依据产品附加值和产品能耗对进出口结构进行调整以减少能源消费。     

浅析旋刀式草坪割草机产品质量状况

在当前市场经济条件下,草坪割草机产品质量问题尤为重要,直接关系到环境、人身安全、作业质量等。本文论述了国内草坪割草机产品质量现状及存在的主要问题,为了加强草坪割草机产品的质量管理,并提出了改进建议。     

峨眉山景区旅游商品的开发与营销模式

通过对旅游商品定义的综述,界定了旅游商品的定义、范围和功能,同时对峨眉山景区旅游商品的开发、需求、购买力等抽取420份问卷作为样本,分析了峨眉山旅游商品的需求现状,并以旅游者需求现状为依据,对峨眉山旅游商品的开发和营销提出了“4P＋4C＋4R”营销策略,以期对其它景区的旅游商品开发和营销具有一定的借鉴意义。     

瑞平塘河氟化物污染状况调查及溯源研究

以2016—2020年地表水常规监测结果为依据,发现瑞平塘河自2017年起出现氟化物质量浓度升高现象,2020年其中1个断面氟化物质量浓度平均值达到1.25 mg/L,比2016年高出145%。为此于2021年3—6月,对瑞平塘河流域的氟化物污染状况进行实地调查并开展溯源研究。研究结果显示,2021年氟化物质量浓度超过1.0 mg/L的点位占59.34%,其中超过1.5 mg/L的点位占42.86%,表明大部分河道氟化物质量浓度已经超过水体功能区要求,对生态环境安全构成较大潜在风险。溯源调查结果表明,排除了农业源及矿山源污染的可能,乳胶制品企业排放的废水为瑞平塘河氟化物的污染来源。针对目前该行业的排放标准和环境影响评价均未提及氟化物污染,企业废水处理设施也无除氟工艺单元,缺乏有效的污染防治措施与监管要求等问题。提出,应及时组织开展该区域乳胶制品行业整治提升,增加氟化物处理工艺单元,提升出水水质,确定氟化物排放浓度限值,并对该行业排放标准做进一步研究和完善等建议。     

Toluene removal characteristics by a superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor

A superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used to remove toluene in this study. The effects of oxygen content, gas flow rate, gas initial concentration and with/without catalyst on toluene decomposition were investigated. It was found that an optimal toluene removal was achieved when the oxygen content was about 5%. Under this condition, the highest toluene removal efficiency of 80.8% was achieved when the gas concentration was 80 mg/m^3. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate and the initial concentration of toluene. In addition, the ozone concentration decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of toluene. It suggested that combining DBD （dielectric barrier discharge） with Co3O4/Al2O3/foam nickel catalyst in-situ could improve the toluene removal efficiency and suppress ozone formation. Products analysis showed that the main products were CO and CO2 when oxygen was more than 5%.