乳状液膜技术在处理重金属废水中的研究和应用

重金属废水来源广泛且危害极大,利用乳状液膜技术处理重金属废水能实现环境保护与资源回收的双重目的。文中介绍了这一领域中的研究和应用情况,并针对不足之处提出了新的建议。      

拟除虫菊酯类农药的非对映和对映异构体分离

正己烷/异丙醇为流动相的正相体系中,使用SupelcosilLC-CN氰基柱完全分离了氯氰等多种拟除虫菊酯农药的非对映异构体;使用SupelcosilLC-CN保护柱串联ChiralcelOD-H手性柱以及使用SupelcosilLC-CN氰基柱串联ChiralcelOD-H手性柱实现了氯氰等多种拟除虫菊酯类农药的对映异构体分离.流动相中异丙醇的比例对保留时间和分离度的影响较大,随着异丙醇比例的减少,保留时间和分离度逐渐增加;在0～30℃之间,柱温对手性识别能力无明显的影响;但对保留时间影响明显,随着柱温的增加,保留时间缩短.     

离子液体1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸用于水中多环芳烃萃取的研究

用疏水性离子液体1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸作为溶剂,液液萃取水中典型污染物多环芳烃,用1ml离子液体萃取50ml含萘、1-甲基萘、2-氯萘、菲、芘、(?)各40μg·1-1的水样,其回收率为:82.2%-101.2%,相对标准偏差(n=4)为2.4%-3.5%,方法的检出限在0.05-0.43μg·1-1范围之间,水样中有机溶剂、盐的含量及pH值对萃取回收率有一定的影响.用该方法测定了卫津河水样上述污染物的含量,并与传统的二氯甲烷萃取相对比,表明离子液体在水样中多环芳烃的富集方面可以取代传统的有机溶剂.     

西瓜、瓜叶及瓜田土壤中乙撑硫脲残留量的液相色谱分析方法研究

建立了一种采用高效液相色谱仪测定乙撑硫脲（ETU）在西瓜、瓜叶和瓜田土壤中残留量的分析方法。空白样品标准添加浓度为0.05-10.0mg/kg时,平均回收率为83.2%-90.7%,变异系数＜12.5%,样品中ETU的最低检出浓度为0.02mg/kg。该方法的准确度和灵敏度较高。应用本方法测定西瓜、瓜叶和瓜田土壤的 ETU残留量,取得了满意的结果。     

Synthesis and Extraction Study of Calix[4]arene Dinitrile Derivatives Incorporated in a Polymeric Backbone with Bisphenol-A

Two new copolymers containing pendant calix[4]arene units with nitrile functionalities at their lower rim have been synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions involving 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(cyanomethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (3) or 25,27-bis(cyanometh oxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (4) with 1,5-dibromopentane and bisphenol-A. The phase transfer studies were performed by using liquid–liquid extraction procedures. It has been deduced from the observations that both copolymers show a good phase transfer affinity toward selected alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations, unlike their precursor (3).     

The dissolution of benzene, toluene, m-xylene and naphthalene from a residually trapped non-aqueous phase liquid under mass transfer limited conditions

The results of dissolution experiments for benzene, toluene, m-xylene and naphthalene (BTXN) from a relatively insoluble oil phase (tridecane), residually trapped in a non-sorbing porous medium, are described. This mixture was chosen to simulate dissolution of soluble aromatic compounds from a petroleum hydrocarbon mixture, e.g., crude oil, for which a large fraction of the mixture is relatively insoluble. The experiments were carried out at a small source length to interstitial velocity ratio, L/v, so that dissolution would be mass transfer limited (MTL). When fitted to data for toluene, a multiregion mass transfer model was found to predict the experimental data satisfactorily for the other components without adjustment of the mass transfer rate parameters. These results indicate that the dissolution process can be generalized for various hydrophobic organic compounds present in a multicomponent non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) when mass transfer limitations are present. This also suggests that dissolution data obtained for one compound can be useful for predicting the dissolution histories for other compounds from petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures.     

天然水体有毒有机污染物毒性监测样品前处理

应用水样直接测试、ＣＨ２ＣＩ２萃取和被动透膜采样技术（ｔｒｉｏｌｅｉｎ－ＳＰＭＤ）富集洋河宣化至官不库沿线水样中污染物,并进行Ｐ．Ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ Ｔ３和Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ－ｑｉｎｇｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ＮｏｖＱ６７发光菌急性毒笥测试,分析探讨不同样品前处理方式对毒性测试结果的影响。结果由原河水样品直接进行了发光菌急性毒性测试会受水体中共存物质的干扰,将毒性掩盖,表现为制激发光。采用ＣＨ２ＣＩ２     

二氧化氯处理医院污水的研究

本文采用的二氧化氯消毒剂,经过鉴定,完全符合国家规定的《消毒剂规范》要求。     

呼和浩特市大气中多环芳烃的分布规律

本文采用聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫(PUF)吸附块和玻璃纤维滤膜(GF)同时采集大气中气态和颗粒物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)。对居民区和草原清洁区分别进行冬夏两季间歇式采样,用高效液相色谱测定了蒽、芘、(芦出)、苝、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a、h)蒽、苯并(ghi)苝等多环芳烃的含量。结果表明,在居民区四环以下的PAHs有一半以上存在于气态中,四环以上的PAHs大部分存在于颗粒物上;夏季每种PAHs在气态中的百分率比冬季高;草原清洁区与居民区PAHs在气态和颗粒物上的百分率不同;冬季居民区污染严重时间是10:00—11:30和17:30—21:30,而夏季污染严重时间是6:00—10:00和18:00—22:00。     

水环境中RH-5992液相色谱分析

为评价ＲＨ－５９９２在环境中的分布与结局,介绍了一种该化合物在湖水,淤泥,鱼,宽叶香蒲草和驴蹄草的残留时分析方法,分析过程包括溶剂的提取,液液分配,柱层析净化和液相色谱分析。分析物采用二有管阵列式紫外检测器进行检测,柱型为ＲＰ－８,流动相为乙腈,二氧六环和水。