薇甘菊浸提液对福寿螺主要器官组织损伤的扫描电镜观察

采用薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha H.B.K.）的乙酸乙酯浸提液对福寿螺（Pomacea canaliculata）进行浸杀,通过扫描电镜观察福寿螺头足部、外套膜及肝脏组织的损伤状况,探讨薇甘菊化感物质对福寿螺器官组织结构的影响。经过薇甘菊质量浓度为100mg·L^-1提取液浸杀2d后,福寿螺主要器官出现了明显的组织损伤。头足部肌肉组织出现明显的杂乱丝条状并有断裂,部分有侵蚀剥落,表现为较大的组织缺损;外套膜有大量的细胞被浸润,呈疏松不整齐的结构;肝脏表面粗糙,凹凸相间的皱褶形成起伏不平的组织,其间有深浅不一的裂痕,并有侵蚀孔状损伤。扫描电镜的观察结果可为探讨薇甘菊浸提液对福寿螺的毒杀机理提供一定的依据。     

Cd~(2+)污染对草鱼不同组织中过氧化物酶活性的影响

采用细静水生物测试法研究Cd2+对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的肝胰脏、肾脏和鳃组织过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明,在7 d的试验时间内,低浓度Cd2+胁迫时,肝胰脏和肾脏组织POD活性随时间变化均呈先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势,而高浓度Cd2+胁迫时,肝胰脏组织POD活性始终受到显著抑制(P<0.05),肾脏组织POD活性短时间内被诱导,但随着暴露时间的延长,其受到显著抑制(P<0.05);鳃组织在受到Cd2+污染时POD活性随时间变化呈先升高后降低变化趋势。草鱼鳃组织POD活性明显低于肝胰脏和肾脏组织。     

壬基酚在鱼体组织中的累积及对鱼类性腺的影响

采用HPLC法测定了在一定条件下暴露后鲤鱼和草鱼体内壬基酚的含量和分布,分析了鱼类性腺重量的变化.结果表明,在试验浓度下,20～25d后鲤鱼和草鱼体内的壬基酚可达到累积和释放的动态平衡,其最大累积系数分别为84.3和78.8,累积规律为鲤鱼>草鱼,肝脏>肌肉.受试雌鱼的性腺重量有明显的提高,相当于100ng/L17β-雌二醇(E₂)作用下鱼类性腺重量的34%～41%,表明壬基酚对鱼类具有一定的雌激素活性,且壬基酚的生物累积性和雌激素活性在产生时间和活性数值方面均是同步的和成正相关的.     

Efficacy of text messaging apprentices to reinforce ergonomics and safety voice training

Introduction: Injuries and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among masons. SAfety Voice for Ergonomics (SAVE) integrates training in ergonomic and safety problem-solving skills into masonry apprenticeship training. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of text messaging to reinforce SAVE program content. Method: SAVE effectiveness was evaluated at masonry apprenticeship training centers across the United States by comparing three experimental groups: (1) Ergonomics training, (2) Ergonomics and Safety Voice training, and a (3) Control. Apprentices received SAVE training with their standard instruction. To reinforce classroom training, refresher training was implemented by sending weekly text messages for six months. Half of the text messages required a response, which tested knowledge or assessed behavior, while the remaining reiterated knowledge. Apprentices (n = 119) received SAVE text messages. Response rates and percentage of correct responses were compared with chi-square tests and independent group t-tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis predicted apprentice response with selected demographic and work experience variables. Finally, feedback on of the use of text messaging was obtained. Result: Of 119 participants, 61% (n = 72) responded to at least one text message. Logistic regression revealed that being a high school graduate and a brick and block mason significantly affected the odds of responding. Sixty-nine percent of apprentices agreed that text messages reinforced SAVE content. Conclusion: Even though there was no training center requirement to respond, the high response rate suggests that text messaging can effectively be used to reinforce ergonomics and safety voice training for both knowledge and behavior. Practical Application: The prevalent use of text messaging creates opportunities to reinforce health and safety training and engage workers, especially for populations that may be at various locations over time such as construction sites. Instructors and practitioners should consider the utility of text messaging for supporting their training and safety programs.     

The Structure of Energy Supply for Tissue Adaptation in Small Mammals Differing in Ecological Specialization

Multivariate factor analysis of the data on liver bioenergetics of mountain and forest voles has been performed. The specific features of tissue energy metabolism are best differentiated in the space of characters pertaining to the succinic acid oxidation system. The role of the dominant oxidation substrate in the structure of energy supply for the adaptation of tissue to a set of environmental factors in specialized and widespread species is discussed.     

A possible prenatal evaluation of renal function by amino acid analysis on fetal urine

Intrauterine treatment of 4 fetuses with urethral obstruction was attempted in the third trimester of pregnancy. The fetuses displayed varying sonographic findings including pyelectasis, caliectasis, hydroureter, bladder dilatation, ascites, hydrops, missing kidneys and oligohydramnios. Ultrasonically guided aspiration from the dilated structures was carried out to relieve pressure on the kidney parenchyme and to collect fluid samples for diagnostic purposes. Amino acid concentrations in the fetal urine showed a pattern similar to plasma in 2 fetuses, a pattern almost like urine in 1 fetus and an intermediate pattern in the 4th fetus. Only the fetus with normal amino acid concentrations in the urine survived: the other 3 died in uremia shortly after birth. In 3 cases cells from the aspirated urine were cultured and used for chromosome analysis. The cell cultures grew fast and karyotyping was possible within 1 week. In 2 fetuses an intrauterine catheter was inserted to drain the kidney permanently into the amniotic cavity. In the first case the catheter was displaced to the fetal abdomen after some days of successful drainage. In the second case the catheter tore the placenta, and the child had to be delivered immediately.     

妊娠小鼠子宫对2,3,7,8-四氯苯二噁英毒性的敏感性研究

对妊娠早期小鼠用不同剂量的TCDD进行处理，妊娠第9天采集血清、肝、肾、脑、脂肪、子宫和胎儿等样品，利用酵母报道基因系统进行组织中TCDD含量检测，结果发现脂肪中TCDD含量最高，其次是肝脏、子宫和胎儿．由于TCDD的毒性需通过体内包括细胞色素P4501A2在内的代谢酶的活化，采用免疫组化的方法对TCDD诱导的该酶的表达水平进行了检测，发现肝脏和子宫的阳性反应最强，并且所需剂量很低，肾脏和脂肪组织在较高剂量出现阳性反应，而脑组织则仅在更大剂量时出现微弱的阳性信号．此现象说明子宫和肝脏一样，可以通过芳香烃类受体诱导细胞色素P4501A2酶的产生，活化TCDD，引起对细胞的毒性并产生对胚胎的毒性．在低剂量时观察到的强烈的生殖毒性应该和TCDD在子宫的蓄积和子宫内敏感的细胞色素P4501A诱导能力有关．     

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Prenatal diagnosis by DNA analysis and sonography at 14 weeks

A pregnant woman affected with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) had a history of an affected fetus, diagnosed by sonography at 29 weeks of pregnancy. The proband's father was also affected. DNA analysis performed on chorionic villi at 11 weeks during a second pregnancy predicted an affected fetus, and sonographic examination at 14 weeks confirmed the diagnosis.     

Clues and pitfalls in the early prenatal diagnosis of ‘late onset’ infantile polycystic kidney

Infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD) is an autosornal recesive inherited disorder, IPKD has been previously diagnosed by us as early as the 14th week of gestation. ‘Late onset’ (third trimester) IPKD has been previously described by several authors. We present here a case of intrauterine detection of ‘late onset’ IPKD, suggesting that elongated hyperechogenic kidneys (with normal transverse and anteroposterior diameters) should be considered as an early sign of ‘late onset’ presenting IPKD.     

Chromium-induced membrane damage: protective role of ascorbic acid

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍｐｌａｙｓｄｕａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ .Ｔｈｅｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ (Ⅲ )ｉｓｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒｇｌｕｃｏｓｅａｎｄｌｉｐｉｄｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ(Ｃｈｏｒｖａｔｏｖｉｃｏｖａ ,1993) .Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ ,ｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅｉｎｔａｋｅｏｆｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ (Ⅵ )ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓａｒｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｔｏｘｉｃａｎｄｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｉｃｔｏｔｈｅｂｏｄｙ (ＤｅＦｌｏｒａ ,1990 ) .Ｈｅｐａｔｉｃａｎｄｒｅｎａｌｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｉｓｔｈｅｍｏ…