安全文化建设原理研究

为夯实安全文化建设的理论基础,进一步丰富安全文化学原理,以组织安全文化建设为着眼点,提炼并分析组织安全文化建设的2条核心原理,即组织安全文化方格理论和杠杆原理,并构建其“轮形”结构体系。结果表明:2条组织安全文化建设原理之间彼此影响、相互促进,其中,方格理论系统阐明了组织安全文化建设方案的设计方法和要求,杠杆原理指明了减弱组织安全文化建设阻力的阻碍作用的具体思路和途径,它们可显著提升组织安全文化建设的效率和效果。     

某汽油吸附脱硫装置职业病危害调查

介绍了某汽油吸附脱硫装置存在的职业病危害因素类型、分布和检测结果,分析了职业病危害防护措施,提出了补充措施建议。     

污染源减排时刻和减排比例对北京市PM_(2.5)浓度的影响

利用Model-3/CMAQ及京津冀地区高分辨率排放源清单,选取文献[19]中污染峰值当天启动50%污染源削减方案的同时,进一步设置了3种污染源控制方案(峰值当天启动75%源削减;峰值日前1d、2d开始启动25%源削减),比较了峰值日前启动适量减排与峰值日当天启动大幅度减排的效果差异.结果表明:污染峰值当天启动50%、75%减排时,北京市PM2.5浓度下降率分布不均匀,高值区集中于PM2.5浓度高值区,减排后PM2.5浓度分布较减排前均匀.提前1~2d启动25%源削减时,峰值日北京市PM2.5浓度整体下降.城、郊PM2.5下降率均表现为当天减排50%小于提前1d开始减排25%;当天启动减排提高到75%时,城区PM2.5下降率大于提前2d启动25%减排,郊区表现为峰值前2d启动25%削减优于当天减排75%.将峰值前1d、2d启动25%减排分别与当天启动50%、75%减排时北京市峰值日PM2.5浓度下降率相减,北京市绝大部分区域下降率差值为正;峰值前1d、2d启动25%减排分别比峰值日启动50%、75%减排时北京市平均PM2.5多下降4.7μg/m3(6%)、2.9μg/m3(4%).综上所述,在污染峰值来临之前采取适量减排较污染当天才启动大幅度减排更有利于北京市整体空气质量达标.     

浅谈环境噪声标准存在的问题与修订要点

在提出目前国家有关噪声标准中存在一些问题的同时,指出噪声标准修订工作的紧迫性及修订要点。     

Frequency versus time lost measures of absenteeism: Is the voluntariness distinction an urban legend?

We investigate a long‐standing methodological rule of thumb, the idea that the frequency of absenteeism from work approximates an expression of voluntary behavior while total time lost better reflects involuntary behavior and ill health. Conducting original meta‐analyses and using results from existing meta‐analyses, we determine that time lost and frequency are equally reliable, that the relationship between them approximates unity when corrections for measurement artifacts are applied, and that there is very little evidence for differential criterion‐related validity predicated on the voluntariness distinction. We supply new meta‐analytic estimates of the reliability of absenteeism adjusted for aggregation period and determine that most extant meta‐analyses of the correlates of absenteeism have markedly under‐corrected for unreliability. Our results question the basic construct validity of the time lost–frequency distinction, and they contradict the practice of using “trigger points” that factor absence frequency into attendance monitoring and associated discipline systems so as to discourage short‐term absenteeism, assumed to be volitional. We conclude that the idea that time lost and frequency reflect different degrees of voluntariness is an unsupported urban research legend. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

随机过程“各态历经”理论应用于环境噪声监测优化布点

本文尝试应用随机过程“各态历经”理论，在大、中、小多个样本中研究城市环境噪声监测的时—空相关性，找出“定点测量法”与“网格测量法”的内在联系，探讨以“定点测量法”取代“网格测量法”进行城市区域环境噪声普查的可行性，从而实现环境噪声监测优化布点及为实现城市环境噪声自动监测布点提供技术依据     

Analyzing the tradeoffs among ecological and fishing effects on an example fish community: A multispecies (fisheries) production model

Species interactions such as predation or competition can have notable implications for fish population dynamics. Stock status and associated biological reference points can be misrepresented if these interactions are not considered. Here we present a multispecies, biomass production model (MS-PROD) developed by incorporating modifications to the Schaefer production model. The modifications explicitly emphasize a functional group approach, highlighting the effects of species interactions that include competition between species within a group, competition between groups, and predation. The mathematical formulation also includes constraints on carrying capacity for both the entire system and for individual groups. We applied the model as initialized to the Northeast U.S. Large Marine Ecosystem finfish community. We then executed simulations designed to explore the behavior of the model with respect to fishery exploitation and ecological interactions. Collectively, the results demonstrated the utility, and the need, for incorporating ecological effects into fisheries models.     

Intersexual food transfer among orangutans: do females test males for coercive tendency?

Tolerated transfer of food among adults is rare among primates, except in humans. Here, we present data on a consistent pattern of tolerated intersexual transfer of food (held in hand, foot, or mouth by the owner) among adult orangutans, in two different natural populations (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), based on ca. 9,000 h of focal observation per site. Although rare, intersexual food transfers were disproportionately from males to sexually active females and involved food that was equally available to both sexes. There was no evidence for direct trading of food for social favors (mating, grooming, or agonistic support) or for sharing under pressure of harassment. However, females frequently protested with loud screams when males, especially unflanged ones, attempted to take food they possessed, and also when males responded aggressively to their taking attempt. Since associations ended sooner when the female emitted noisy calls, a male who did not allow a female to take food from him risked losing the association. These findings support the hypothesis that by taking food, a sexually active female may test the male's tendency toward violence. Thus, intersexual food taking in orangutans is based on female leverage, resulting in a species-wide female entitlement to male “generosity”. The inhibition of food defense required for this kind of transaction may also form the basis for sharing patterns among species in which nutritional benefits have become important, such as chimpanzees and perhaps human foragers.     

运用价格杠杆，促进环境保护产业的发展

环境保护产业作为“朝阳产业”,正在成为新的经济增长点。应运用价格杠杆,在建设骨干企业集团、健全环境保护产品市场体系、排污收费制度、价格信息服务等方面,推动环保产业的发展     

积极推进环境咨询服务业的发展

本文根据环境咨询服务业的内涵,分析了国内外环境咨询服务业的发展现状和我国环境咨询服务业面临的发展机遇,提出了我国环境咨询服务业发展的重点和对策。