二次过街路口行人违反交通法规规律的研究

为了解在不同类型二次过街路口行人违反交通法规闯红灯的违法率,找出二次过街路口不同参数对行人违法率的影响,从而找出降低路口行人违法率的对策,保障路口行人交通安全和人车流畅通,本文选取上海市5种类型的二次过街路口调查行人在路口的违法率.通过分析调查数据,行人在路口一次穿越车道数为2～7,两次穿越车道总数为6～12,违法率随车道数的增加而降低.在红灯等待时间90 s之内,行人违法率随等待时间的升高呈一定的下降趋势.红灯等待时间在90～150 s之间,行人违法率没有确定的规律.安全岛、引导护栏、中继信号灯等设施具有明显降低行人违法率的作用.根据二次过街路口设置安全岛、引导护栏、中继信号灯、车道数以及是否从路边穿越5个影响因素的安全评价系数之和建立综合安全评价系数,得到行人在二次过街路口违法率随综合安全评价系数的增大而降低.研究表明,完善和优化二次过街路口的设施参数可以降低路口行人违法率.     

近江牡蛎等7种养殖鱼虾贝类参照基因β-肌动蛋白cDNA序列的克隆与比较分析

为进一步研究水产养殖动物功能基因的表达调控,采用RT-PCR及RACE法,分离、克隆了近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)肝脏β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全序列.结果表明,近江牡蛎β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长1343bp,其中5′、3′非翻译区(UTR)分别长68bp、144bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1131bp,编码376个氨基酸.实验同时成功获得了中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)、日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)、斑鳢(Channa maculata)、胡子鲶(Clarias fuscus)、鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲮鱼(Cirrhinus molitorella)6种重要淡水养殖动物肝脏β-肌动蛋白基因cDNA的核心序列及氨基酸序列.所获基因与其它动物类群的β-肌动蛋白基因氨基酸同源性高达96%以上,表明软体类、节肢类、鱼类、两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类等不同类群动物β-肌动蛋白基因在生物进化过程中高度保守.系统发育分析显示软体类、节肢类、鱼类、两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类脊椎动物β-肌动蛋白分类与传统的分类基本一致.     

Estimation of Daily Streamflow of Southeastern Coastal Plain Watersheds by Combining Estimated Magnitude and Sequence

Commonly used methods to predict streamflow at ungauged watersheds implicitly predict streamflow magnitude and temporal sequence concurrently. An alternative approach that has not been fully explored is the conceptualization of streamflow as a composite of two separable components of magnitude and sequence, where each component is estimated separately and then combined. Magnitude is modeled using the flow duration curve (FDC), whereas sequence is modeled by transferring streamflow sequence of gauged watershed(s). This study tests the applicability of the approach on watersheds ranging in size from about 25‐7,226 km² in Southeastern Coastal Plain (U.S.) with substantial surface storage of wetlands. A 19‐point regionalized FDC is developed to estimate streamflow magnitude using the three most selected variables (drainage area, hydrologic soil index, and maximum 24‐h precipitation with a recurrence interval of 100 years) by a greedy‐heuristic search process. The results of validation on four watersheds (Trent River, North Carolina: 02092500; Satilla River, Georgia: 02226500; Black River, South Carolina: 02136000; and Coosawhatchie River, South Carolina: 02176500) yielded Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.86‐0.98 for the predicted magnitude and 0.09‐0.84 for the predicted daily streamflow over a simulation period of 1960‐2010. The prediction accuracy of the method on two headwater watersheds at Santee Experimental Forest in coastal South Carolina was weak, but comparable to simulations by MIKE‐SHE.     

一种新厌氧氨氧化菌的16S rRNA基因序列测试

运用序批式试验测定厌氧氨氧化污泥的氨氮和亚硝态氮消耗量,求得厌氧氨氧化活性为9.84×10-4 mg·(mg·h)-1,厌氧氨氧化菌消耗NO-2-N与NJ 4-N之比为1.311;采用分子生物学方法从EGSB反应器颗粒污泥中提取细菌总DNA,经纯化、特异引物PCR扩增、克隆、测序等过程,得到厌氧氨氧化菌部分16S rDNA序列;通过系统发育树分析可以发现,在EGSB反应器中富集得到的厌氧氨氧化菌种(anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycete cquenviron-1)与Candidatus"Anammoxoglobus propionicus"和Candidatus"Jettenia asiatica"同属,arnaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycete cquenviron-1与其他厌氧氨氧化菌基因序列的同源性最大为93%.结果表明,前期EGSB反应器富集得到了一种新型厌氧氨氧化菌,该菌株命名为anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycete cquenviron-1.     

一株高效溶藻放线菌的分子生物学鉴定

实验室从土壤中分离筛选得到了一株具有高效溶藻能力的放线菌,命名为AN02。对这株具有高效溶藻效果能力的放线菌AN02分别进行了形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特性的分析,分析结果表明放线菌AN02菌株的上述几个特征与细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)的高度一致,与此同时,聚类分析结果也同样表明,放线菌AN02菌株与细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)的高度一致,后经过比对,发现二者的16SrDNA序列的同源性高达近100%,因此,可将溶藻放线菌AN02定名为细黄链霉菌AN02(Streptomyces microflavus AN02)。     

基于改进风险矩阵法的配气站地震事件序列分析*

为了对天然气配气站进行抗震安全评估,以某天然气配气站为研究对象,通过分析地震事件序列,建立风险矩阵模型,研究系统失效原因及失效概率,评估事件发生后果。结果表明:事件C5,C6风险值相对较低,分别为18.75和15.24;风险矩阵模型能有效减小尖锐边界影响,为配气站采取抗震措施提供理论依据。     

基于集成学习的改进灰色瓦斯浓度序列预测*

为有效提高煤矿瓦斯浓度动态预测精度,基于微分方程理论和最小二乘法,从灰色预测模型静态灰色作用量出发,优化灰色作用量,推导幂指数型灰色作用量的改进灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法,推导基于集成学习不同灰色作用量幂指数型灰色瓦斯预测模型,进而研究吉林八连城长期和短期瓦斯浓度监控数据预测精度。结果表明:瓦斯浓度时间序列近似线性时,基于集成学习的改进灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法优于传统灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法,使瓦斯浓度预测值和实际值的均方根误差降低,均方根差最大降低2.25%。研究结果可有效提瓦斯浓度预测精度。     

Sustainability： A view from the wind-eroded field

This article explores the assessment of sustainability in fields subject to wind erosion. In the first part, simple sustainability audits are examined, as of soil depth and nutrients. Direct measurement of these characteristics has many problems, largely because of huge variability in space and time at all scales. Modelling still has its problems, but it may be possible to overcome many of them soon. It is true that wind erosion preferentially removes soil nutrients, but there are imponderables even here. The nutrient balance in many of these soils includes considerable input from dust. In West Africa, it has been shown that the amounts of calcium and potassium that are added in dust are sufficient to fertilize dispersed crops. In mildly acidic sandy soils, such as those found on the widespread palaeo- aeolian deposits, much of the phosphorus is fixed and unavailable to plants by the time it is removed by wind erosion, so that erosion has no added downside. Most of the nutrients carried by dust have been shown to travel close to the ground （even when they are attached to dust-sized particles）, and so are trapped in nearby fallow strips, and are thus not lost to the farming system. Second, the sustalnabillty of a whole semi-arid farming system is explored. Wind erosion in semi-arid areas （like China, the Sahel and Norflawestern Europe） generally takes place on aeolian deposits of the recent geological past. Most of these soils are deep enough to withstand centuries of wind erosion before they are totally lost to production, and some of these soils have greater fertility at greater depth （so that wind erosion may even improve the soil）. Finally some remarks are made about environmental change in relation to sustainability.     

MBR和CAS工艺污泥在贫营养培养条件下的微生物群落结构研究

采用聚合酶链式-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术,研究了膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥工艺（CAS）反应器中微生物在贫营养条件下的总细菌群落结构.结果表明,在培养过程中,污泥的微生物种群经历了一个比较明显的变化过程,且以CAS污泥微生物种群的变化更为明显,演替过程中既有原始优势种群的消亡,又有新的优势种群...     

基于多点关联性的尾矿坝位移监测序列异常值诊断*

针对尾矿坝位移监测序列中噪声和真实异常值的区分问题,提出1种基于多点关联性和改进孤立森林（IF）算法的异常数据诊断模型。通过IF算法对监测序列中的各样本点异常程度进行量化计算,引入云模型（CM）算法确定IF量化的异常得分与异常概念的相互映射关系以实现异常点的初步诊断,根据Apriori算法计算多测点序列间的关联性,找出强关联序列组合,结合序列关联性以及异常点诊断结果区分噪声与真实异常值。以某尾矿坝位移监测序列为例进行模型验证。研究结果表明:基于多点关联性的异常诊断模型能够有效区分尾矿坝位移监测序列中的噪声与真实异常值,提高监测系统的准确性。