长江中下游岸线利用对防洪累积影响初步研究

在分析长江中下游岸线开发利用现状及存在问题基础上,分别选取武汉河段和扬中河段作为代表性河段,针对桥梁群和码头群两类主要岸线开发利用形式,开展了涉河工程群对河道洪水位及流场累积影响的数学模型计算分析。计算结果表明,群体工程共同作用后将引起河道洪水位和流场的叠加影响,其影响值及影响范围远大于单个工程,当群体工程的影响积累到一定程度,可能对河道的行洪与河势稳定带来不利影响。建议桥梁群应保持合理的密度,码头群应合理控制港区规模,上下游港区间应保持合理的距离,在岸线开发过程中应制定岸线利用规划,规范涉河工程设计,以尽可能减小对防洪的累积影响     

浅谈建设项目施工期的环境管理

根据广州城市轨道交通施工期环境监理工作实践,总结了城市轨道交通环境监理方法及试点中存在的问题,提出了加强建设项目环境监理的建议。     

Accuracy assessment of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage

Tree damage, gauged by the amount of defoliation, is one of the basic criteria used to determine treatments for protected and economic forests. Monitoring should include an assessment of the degree of tree damage in different spatial scales. Therefore, in addition to the commonly applied large-area methods, small-area methods should be used. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the accuracy assessment of a small-area method, proposed by Podlaski (2005) [Podlaski, R. (2005). Inventory of the degree of tree defoliation in small areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 215, 361–377], for monitoring the degree of tree damage. The degree of tree damage was shown in sub-blocks P₃ of the system of information on natural environment (SINUS). To estimate the spatial distribution of the degree of tree defoliation, survey sampling, based on simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR), was used. The degree of damage to fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was analysed in the Święty Krzyż forest section in the Świętokrzyski National Park. The maximum total estimation errors for the proportion of trees with a degree zero of damage, and with second and third degrees of damage together (for α = 0.05) were at most 30.8% for fir and 24.3% for beech trees. For standard, small-area evaluations, these are satisfactory values. In the Święty Krzyż forest section, the number of P₃ sub-blocks with 0.00–5.00% of undamaged trees and with 80.01–100.00% of moderately- or severely-damaged trees was significantly greater for fir than for beech. These results indicate that the fir population was unhealthier than the beech group in the study area. P₃ sub-blocks of the SINUS system, in which the proportion of the healthiest trees was highest, were situated at the forest margin, bordering on meadows and arable fields (in the case of fir) and forming dense patches consisting of several sub-blocks, or occurring singly in the whole study area (in the case of beech). The results show the significant differentiation of forest tree health in small areas.     

WF-8型在线富集进样器应用于水中痕量CuPbCd测定的研究

用 WF 8型在线富集进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计联用 ,应用于水中痕量 Cu、Pb、Cd的测定 ,其富集倍数分别是 1 2 2、1 3 6和 94倍 ,测定的精密度分别是 3 7%、2 8%和 3 9% ,检出限分别是 0 4 7、1 3和 0 2 2μg L,在地表水样中的加标回收率分别为 94 2 %～ 1 0 0 %、98 8%～ 1 0 7%和 1 0 8%～ 1 2 0 % ,并对 WF 8型进样器与火焰原子吸收光度计的成功联用 ,提出了一种新操作程序。     

机动车排气对常州市区大气环境的影响

为弄清机动车排气对常州市区大气环境的影响,该市环境监测中心站于１９９８年夏季选择了具有代表性的７个交通路段和３个交通路口布点对机动车排气中的主要污染物ＣＯ、ＮＯｘ,Ｐｂ等进行监测,结果表明,交通路段和交通路口大气中Ｐｂ污染较轻;针对机动车排气的污染状况,提出了防治建议。     

天山北坡城市群碳储量时空变化及预测研究

为了有效评估城市群碳储量变化,以天山北坡城市群为研究对象,运用PLUS模型和InVEST模型,动态评估2000～2020年及2030年不同情景下土地利用变化及碳储量变化特征.结果表明,2000～2020年天山北坡城市群碳储量呈现持续增加趋势,且碳储量变化与土地利用变化密切相关,主要表现为2000～2010年林地面积的减少导致其碳储量减少约266×106t,2010～2020年草地面积的增加使其碳储量增加约69.14×10⁶t.2030年自然发展情景、生态保护情景和经济快速发展情景下碳储量预测值分别为8875.88×10⁶t、8895.58×10⁶t和8841.58×10⁶t;经济快速发展情景下碳储量最低,生态保护情景下碳储量最高.土地利用是影响碳储量空间变化分布的第一主导因素,贡献率接近于90%,土地利用强度与碳储量协调性分析与两者双变量空间自相关分析进一步验证了这一结论.土地利用变化在一定程度上能够对碳储量产生积极影响,对于本研究区而言,生态保护发展情景可能更符合未来城市发展模式,研究结果能够为土...     

金川矿区岩移与工程稳定性研究及动态预测

针对金川矿区控制性工程所潜在的安全隐患,首先明确了影响矿区控制性工程稳定的主要因素是采动影响,提出了开展岩移规律与动态预测研究的必要性,论述了国内外岩移规律研究的现状及发展趋势,提出了该课题研究的主要内容以及关键技术,最后阐述了课题研究应采用的理论与技术方法.     

安全投入与效益的定性分析

从安全投入效益的经济学原理出发,通过实例定性地分析了安全投入所产生的安全经济效益,分析结果符合安全经济学原理;同时分析了企业的最佳安全投入点,为企业的安全投入决策提出了建议;最后希望组织应加大安全投入,保障生产的顺利进行,创造更高的效益.     

Wilderness forms and their implications for global environmental policy and conservation

With the intention of securing industry-free land and seascapes, protecting wilderness entered international policy as a formal target for the first time in the zero draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Given this increased prominence in international policy, it is timely to consider the extent to which the construct of wilderness supports global conservation objectives. We evaluated the construct by overlaying recently updated cumulative human pressure maps that offer a global-scale delineation of industry-free land as wilderness with maps of carbon stock, species richness, and ground travel time from urban centers. Wilderness areas took variable forms in relation to carbon stock, species richness, and proximity to urban centers, where 10% of wilderness areas represented high carbon and species richness, 20% low carbon and species richness, and 3% high levels of remoteness (>48 h), carbon, and species richness. Approximately 35% of all remaining wilderness in 2013 was accessible in <24 h of travel time from urban centers. Although the construct of wilderness can be used to secure benefits in specific contexts, its application in conservation must account for contextual and social implications. The diverse characterization of wilderness under a global environmental conservation lens shows that a nuanced framing and application of the construct is needed to improve understanding, communication, and retention of its variable forms as industry-free places.     

生态环境损害赔偿磋商第三人的角色失调与定位——基于15省份磋商办法与十大典型案例的分析

要发挥生态环境损害公私法协同治理的效应，在公法救济上需要明确第三人在磋商中的定位。从15省份磋商办法以及十大典型案例看，磋商第三人存在着法律性质不明、参与方式失灵、参与效力不足三方面问题。在法治化轨道路径上，可以将磋商第三人类型分为技术专家、其他机关、利益相关者，其法律性质应分别确定为“智囊团”、协助者或监督者、监督者。参与方式上应将技术专家和利益相关者规定为应当参与人、其他机关规定为可以参与人，以此细化参与方式和参与环节。参与效力上应在区别三者功能和作用的基础上，分别规定其意见表达对于磋商结果的约束力。