渤海海域夏季石油烃污染状况及其环境容量估算

根据调查分析了渤海海域石油烃污染状况,建立了渤海石油烃多介质动力学模型,估算了渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量和剩余环境容量。结果表明,调查海域石油烃平均浓度为(25.7±13.6)mg／rn3,变化范围为4.4~64.8 mg,／m3,其中,莱州湾,渤海湾等近岸海域污染较严重。在一、二类国家海水水质标准下,渤海海域石油烃污染物环境容量(ECo)为29 169 t／a,在三类国家海水水质标准下ECo为177 306 t／a,在四类国家海水水质标准下ECo为298 446 t／a,各海域在一、二类国家海水水质标准下石油烃污染物环境容量分别为,渤海湾5 255 t／a,辽东湾8 869 t／a,莱州湾4 889 t／a,渤海中部10 156 t／a。     

大庆红岗生态工业园区创建的现有条件

生态工业园是根据循环经济理念和工业生态学原理而设计建立的一种新型工业组织形态,在园区内通过废物交换、循环利用、清洁生产等手段,实现资源利用的最大化和废物排放的最小化.文章通过对大庆市石油、石油化工产业链现状分析及产品代谢和废物代谢分析,说明大庆红岗具有创建生态工业园区的区位和资源优势,园区所在区域内现已经初步形成了石油开采、石油化工、轻烃加工和化工建材产业(品)代谢连及废油、废水回注等废物代谢链的生态工业雏形,为创建大庆红岗生态工业(石化)示范园区奠定了一定的基础.     

加强松花江上游石油开发的预警研究

松花江上的石油开发对松花江和哈尔滨市饮用水源地的潜在污染危害已引起政府部门的重视.松花江上石油开发中一旦出现事故其污染所造成突发事故将是十分严重的.应加强松花江上石油开发的预警研究.并对松花江上的石油开发现状、存在的问题和隐患进行深入调查研究.对江上已开发和在建油田制定出相应对策,确保松花江水质安全和哈尔滨市饮用水源地的水质安全.     

环境中有机含硫芳烃化合物的研究

有机含硫芳烃化合物（ＰＡＳＨ） 性质稳定，不易降解，毒性极强，具有潜在的危害特征。其在环境中的分布，一般是生物体中ＰＡＳＨ 的含量最高，其次是大气悬浮颗粒物与海洋沉积物。ＰＡＳＨ 的主要来源是石油，分析环境中的ＰＡＳＨ 可追踪石油或合成燃料污染。     

石油污染对牡蛎超显微结构毒性效应的研究

采用电子显微镜观察石油污染对牡蛎生殖腺和肝胰腺组织细胞的毒性作用。结果显示,石油污染对牡蛎具有明显的慢性毒害作用,50 mg／L浓度组,实验10 d的牡蛎,其组织细胞受石油污染不明显;当实验时间为30 d时,出现明显的毒性效应,细胞核核膜肿胀,染色质聚集并边际化,细胞核崩解,细胞坏死,组织萎缩,线粒体的变化较其他细胞器对石油污染较敏感,受损坏的程度较重。     

红外分光光度法测定石油类和动植物油

油是污染物达标排放总量控制项目之一，红外分光光度法较重量法、荧光分光光度法、紫外分光光度法测量油准确、可比，且标准油易制备。利用红外分光测油仪，严格控制空白值，做空白试验，能准确、快速的测定水中的石油类和动植物油。     

Petroleum waste biodegradation with porous biomass support system (PBSS) on rotating biological contactor

A laboratory scale study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the new coupling of rotating biological contactor (RBC) plus porous biomass support system (PBSS) using polyurethane foam as porous support media to biodegrade petroleum refinery wastewater. Polyurethane foam was attached on disks of two four-stage laboratory scale cascade connected RBC units.The two RBC units were operated simultaneously at different but constant, flowrates giving hydraulic loading rates of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 m3/m2/d in two runs keeping the same rotational speed 10 r/min throughout. Organic loading was a less controllable factor in this study.For all of the hydraulic loadings, it was found that the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and oil were above 80 percent. Ammonia nitrogen and phenol removal were above 90 and 80 percent respectively. The maximum biomass concentration within polyurethane foam was about 30 g/m2 in the first stage for 0.03 m3/m2/d hydraulic loading.The results show that t     

延河沉积物的石油污染调查与分析

对延河干流和两条支流受石油污染河段的沉积物的取样分析结果表明 ,研究河段内的沉积物都不同程度的受到了石油污染。干流河段沉积物的石油污染负荷一般为 40～ 80mg/kg ,上游河段和污染支流汇入段负荷较高 ,平均为390mg/kg,最高可达 784mg/kg ;支流上的坪桥川和杏子河河段沉积物污染负荷为 6 0～ 2 5 0mg/kg。干流中下游及杏子河支流河段的污染沉积物主要来源于雨期流域表层污染土壤径流入河后的沿程沉积 ,而非雨期岸边油井的直接排污则是造成干流上游和坪桥川支流沉积物石油污染的主要原因     

液化石油气储罐火灾爆炸事故分析

应用基于可能性分布的模糊事故树分析法，对引发液化石油气储罐发生火灾爆炸事故的可能因素进行了定量分析。     

Evidence for biodegradation and volatilisation of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons during in situ air sparging in large laboratory columns

Laboratory column experiments run for up to 13 days compared air sparging of groundwater contaminated by dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons in sterile and non-sterile aquifer sediments as well as uncontaminated sediments and groundwater. Loss of dissolved BTEX compounds in the contaminated columns was very rapid, occurring through volatilisation. The majority of the dissolved total organic carbon (TOC) persisted for much longer periods however. A direct comparison between losses from sterile and non-sterile columns suggested a negligible contribution of biodegradation to the removal of TOC. This was difficult to confirm through examination of O₂ utilisation because oxidation of a small amount of reduced sulphur in the aquifer materials was the dominant sink for O₂. Despite this, it was possible to conclude that less than 22% of the removal of TOC was through biodegradation during the first three days of air sparging.