大气中痕量挥发性有机物的结构表征和保留时间的估计与预测

采用分子电性距离矢量（MEDV）表征大气中痕量挥发性有机物的分子结构,同时采用逐步回归结合统计检测对模型进行变量筛选,建立了大气中痕量挥发性有机物定量结构-色谱保留（QSRR）关系的8个变量和5个变量模型,两种QSRR模型的建模计算值复相关系数（R）分别为0.937和0.931;留一法（leave-one-out）交互校验复相关系数（RCV）分别为0.901和0.906,表明模型具有良好的估计能力与稳定性.     

中国珍稀格氏栲林的数量特征

运用伽玛分布，对数正态分布、韦布（Weibull)分布，正态分布等4种概率分布模型对格氏栲林的乔木层、灌木层、藤本层，草本层的物种-多度关系进行拟合分析，并用多种物种多样性指标测定格氏栲林各层次数量特征。结果表明：格氏栲林群落各层次物种-多度关系均符合伽玛分布，即伽玛分布模型应用于格氏栲林物种-多度分布研究是理想的；格氏栲林物种多样性指标介于中亚热带常绿阔叶林与南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林之间，表5参20。     

中国东部季风区末次冰期以来古气候模拟

通过对我国东部季风区现代青土样品孢粉组合与气候因子间的回归分析,分别建立了孢粉组合与一月,七月气温和年降水量的转换函数,进而建立了本区末次冰期以来的孢粉－气候数据库,模拟末次冰期盛冰期,消冰期,全新世前北方期－北方期,大西洋期,亚北方期等五个古气候期的冬季和夏季温度场,降水场。     

量化风险评估(QRA)在海上生产设施风险管理中的应用

本文结合在胜利海区实施的量化风险评估工作，对量化风险评估在海上风险管理中的应用作一个简单的介绍。     

火山岩填料曝气生物滤池的SNAD工艺启动特性及功能菌丰度演替

为研究同步亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)工艺在浸没式生物滤池反应器(SBAF)内的运行特性,同时接种亚硝化污泥和富集ANAMMOX的填料启动SNAD反应器.结果表明在60 mg·L~(-1)有机物浓度下,自养脱氮和反硝化实现较好的耦合,并在该浓度下稳定运行了67 d,其总氮去除率最高可达92.0%,COD去除率最高达82.9%,最高总氮去除负荷为2.3 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).与全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺相比,SNAD工艺的平均总氮去除率提高了12.6%.荧光定量PCR结果显示,系统启动后AOB菌的丰度有所增长,ANAMMOX菌的丰度增长了1个数量级,而NOB菌和反硝化菌的数量维持在较低水平(小于10~7 copies·g~(-1)),表明以火山岩为填料的浸没式生物滤池反应器有利于ANAMMOX和AOB的协同生长,可快速实现SAND工艺的启动.     

装备可靠性工程实施过程的量化评估研究及实践

目的 为装备可靠性工程实施过程探索一种量化评估方法,改变现有可靠性工作要求不能通过量化评估直观反映装备可靠性工程完成情况的现状。方法 首先对装备可靠性工程中的可靠性管理、可靠性设计与分析、可靠性试验与评估、使用可靠性评估四个方面内容如何实施量化评估开展研究,解决评估工作的主要问题;其次明确评估基本要求,制定量化评估工作流程;最后以典型装备为评估对象,采用上述评估方法和流程为其开展可靠性工程实施过程量化评估工作。结果 通过本次量化评估,反映出该装备在可靠性工程实施过程较为完整和规范,同时也发现该装备可靠性工程实施过程中还需进一步提高和改善的工作项目。结论 通过对典型装备可靠性工程实施过程开展量化评估工作,可更直观地反映该装备可靠性工程实施成效,有针对性地提升型号装备整体质量与可靠性水平,以点带面,也可为同类型装备的可靠性工作提供更好的参考。     

Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon

A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.     

3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃联合毒性的定量构效关系研究

采用细菌生长抑制实验测定了取代芳烃及其混合物对长江水中混合细菌的急性毒性,得到17种单一化合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50)及22组混合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50mix).采用毒性单位法和混合毒性指数法对联合毒性效应进行了定性评价,3,4-二氯苯胺与胺类化合物的联合效应以简单相加或部分相加作用为主,而3,4-二氯苯胺与酚类化合物的联合效应则多表现为协同作用.以化合物的辛醇/水分配系数(lgP)和分子最低空轨道能(ELUMO)为结构描述符,分别建立了单一毒性和联合毒性的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型.所得模型对极性麻醉型化合物和反应性化合物的毒性都具有较强的预测能力,不仅能预测3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃不同配比的二元混合物的联合毒性,也能预测三元和四元混合物的联合毒性.     

Energy's role in the extraversion (dis)advantage: How energy ties and task conflict help clarify the relationship between extraversion and proactive performance

While academic and practitioner literatures have proposed that extraverts are at an advantage in team‐based work, it remains unclear exactly what that advantage might be, how extraverts attain such an advantage, and under which conditions. Theory highlighting the importance of energy in the coordination of team efforts helps to answer these questions. We propose that extraverted individuals are able to develop more energizing relationships with their teammates and as a result are seen as proactively contributing to their team. However, problems in coordination (i.e., team task conflict) can reverse this extraversion advantage. We studied 27 project‐based teams at their formation, peak performance, and after disbandment. Results suggest that when team task conflict is low, extraverts energize their teammates and are viewed by others as proactively contributing to the team. However, when team task conflict is high, extraverts develop energizing relationships with fewer of their teammates and are not viewed as proactively contributing to the team. Our findings regarding energizing relationships and team task conflict clarify why extraversion is related to proactive performance and in what way, how, and when extraverts may be at a (dis)advantage in team‐based work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.