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排序方式: 共有393条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
311.
Hassan Abdel-Gawad Bahira Hegazi 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):116-122
Canola plants were treated with 14C- prohiofos under conditions simulating local agricultural practices. 14C-residues in seeds were determined at different time intervals. At harvest time about 32 % of 14C-activity was associated with oil. The methanol soluble 14C-residues accounted for 12 % of the total seed residues after further seeds extraction, while the cake contained about 49 % of the total residues. About 69 % of the 14C-activity in the crude oil could be eliminated by simulated commercial processes locally used for oil refining. Chromatographic analysis of crude and refined oil revealed the presence of the parent compound together with three metabolites which were identified as prothiofos oxon, O-ethyl phosphorothioate and O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate, besides one unknown compound. While methanol extract revealed the presence of despropylthio prothiofos and O-ethyl phosphoric acid as free metabolites acid hydrolysis of the conjugated metabolites in the methanol extract yielded 2, 4-dichlorophenole which was detected by color. When rats were fed the extracted cake for 72 hours, the bound residues were found to be bioavailable. The main excretion route was via the expired air (42 %), while the 14C-residues excreted in urine and feces were 30 % and 11 %, respectively. The radioactivity detected among various organs accounted to 7.5 %.Chromatographic analysis of urine indicated the presence of prothiofos oxon, O-ethyl phosphoric acid and 2, 4-dichlorophenole as main degradation products of prothiofos in free and conjugated form. 相似文献
312.
Rey Gutierrez Rutilio Ortiz Salvador Vega Beatriz Schettino Maria L. Ramirez Jose J. Perez 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):935-940
A survey was carried out from 2008 to 2010 to determine the concentrations of 16 organochlorine pesticide residues (OPRs) from Tizayuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Organochlorine residue determinations were made from milk fat, using chromatographic cleanup and analysis by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The OPR concentrations found were from below the detection limit (DL) to 0.91 ng g?1 in 2008, DL to 0.38 ng g?1 in 2009 and DL to 0.59 ng g?1 in 2010. In general concentrations of organochlorine pesticides were higher in the wet season (3.37 ng g?1 and 4.79 ng g?1) than the dry season (1.92 ng g?1 and 2.71 ng g?1) for 2009 and 2010, due to control of pests in the pasture and sheds. According to Codex Alimentarius regulations, individual pesticides did not exceed the permissible limits, which for example were 10 μg kg?1 for alpha hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and endosulfan I, 20 μg kg?1 for p,p’-DDT, and 6 μg kg?1 for dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor. A reduction of organochlorine pesticide concentrations in cow's milk was noted, indicating that the Mexican government has achieved reduction or elimination of some organochlorine pesticides in response to global agreements on persistent organic pollutants. 相似文献
313.
Thomas Prade Lovisa Björnsson Mikael Lantz Serina Ahlgren 《Journal of Land Use Science》2017,12(6):407-441
The increasing biofuel production from agricultural crops has been suggested to cause indirect land use change (iLUC). This increases interest in biofuel feedstocks that qualify as iLUC-free: (1) residues without a market, (2) crops from previously unused arable land, (3) additional crops and (4) biomass from intensified production. In the present study, biofuel potential from such feedstocks was quantified for Sweden and compared against the predicted biofuel demand from agricultural resources in 2030. The results indicate that straw (category 1) could cover up to 37% of future biofuel demand. Grass leys from intensified production (category 4), set-aside and abandoned land (category 2) and excess grass silage (category 1) could cover up to 79%. Intermediate and ecological focus area crops (category 3) could contribute up to 21%. To realize the biofuel targets, a high implementation rate of additional iLUC-free feedstock is needed. Future studies need to investigate impacts of low-iLUC policies. 相似文献
314.
鸡粪与中药渣共堆肥对抗生素抗性基因的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
畜禽粪便是抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistant genes,ARGs)进入环境的重要途径,为了削减畜禽粪便中的ARGs,在为期46 d的鸡粪与中药渣共堆肥后,对不同阶段ARGs和可移动基因元件(mobile gene elements,MGEs)的丰度通过实时定量PCR进行检测. 100种ARGs中检测到21种,以及2种整合酶基因(int I1和int I2)和3种转座酶基因(tnp A-01、tnp A-02和tnp A-03).结果表明,在堆肥过程中5种MGEs均显著降低,其中tnp A-01和tnp A-02去除效果最好,减少了两个数量级;氨基糖苷类抗性基因aac A/aph D和aad E显著性降低(P 0. 05);β-内酰胺类抗性基因bla OXA1与堆肥天数显著相关(P=0. 016),其去除率为78. 63%;林可酰胺类抗性基因均随堆肥时间显著降低,平均去除率为90. 39%;四环素类抗性基因的去除效果相差较大,tet G降低了99. 77%,tetR仅降低了31. 72%;喹诺酮类抗性基因qnr D去除率最高为99. 89%;磺胺类中sulⅢ的去除率高达99. 88%,而sulⅠ呈增长趋势. ARGs与MGEs相关性表明tnp A-01与ARGs之间具有显著相关性(P 0. 05). ARGs随堆肥时间的变化趋势表明,中药渣与鸡粪共堆肥可显著降低ARGs丰度,从而降低畜禽粪便在农田施用中ARGs扩散的风险. 相似文献
315.
以猪粪沼渣和水稻秸秆为原料,采用BCR提取法和同步辐射红外显微成像法研究了沼渣堆肥过程中Cu和Zn形态的变化和有机官能团的原位分布特征.研究发现,沼渣堆肥后Cu和Zn含量分别增加28%和38%.同时,可交换态Cu和Zn比例明显降低,而残渣态Cu和Zn比例普遍升高.同步辐射红外显微成像结果显示,与猪粪沼渣原料相比,堆肥后的沼渣在3400cm-1处吸收峰强度显著降低,而在1430cm-1处吸收峰强度明显增加,表明堆肥过程中多糖类物质发生了降解进而形成了芳香类物质.综上,同步辐射红外显微成像技术有望成为表征有机物演变规律及解释重金属形态转化的一个新手段. 相似文献
316.
抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)在两种红树林湿地中的残留及迁移特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
沿海地区水产养殖废水直排导致滨海红树林内抗生素富集.本研究在广东省湛江市高桥红树林自然保护区展开,采用高效液相色谱法对两种优势红树植物群落—红海榄(Rhizophorastylosa)、白骨壤(Avicennia marina)根际沉积物及植物根、枝、叶中环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CIP)的残留进行定量分析,同时分析红树植物根系含脂率(Lipid ratio,LR)与根系中CIP累积的相关性.结果表明,红海榄、白骨壤根际沉积物中CIP残留无显著差异(p0.05),含量分别为(69.0±5.9)、(63.0±6.2)μg·kg~(-1),高于国内外其它湿地沉积物中CIP残留水平;植物体内CIP累积表现为白骨壤((1306.3±234.8)μg·kg~(-1))红海榄((366.6±52.0)μg·kg~(-1))(p0.05),且均呈现地上部(枝、叶)根部的特征,转移因子(Transfer Factors,TF)分别为3.5±1.7、1.4±0.5.两种红树植物对环境中CIP均具有净化潜力,其中,以白骨壤净化能力更强.研究同时发现,含脂率不是影响根系吸收累积CIP的关键因子.本研究对抗生素在红树林湿地内的迁移和吸附特征研究具有借鉴意义. 相似文献
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