台风持续影响下中山市大气O3污染过程分析

应用三维空气质量模型（Model-3/CMAQ）和积分过程速率（IPR）分析工具对2017年7月22~31日夏季4次台风持续影响下中山市7月首次出现的持续6d的O₃污染事件进行了详细分析,识别了O₃ 8h浓度最大值时段主导的大气物理过程和大气化学过程,并计算了不同源、汇过程对本地O₃浓度的贡献.研究结果表明,污染时段化学过程对O₃的源贡献高于非污染时段,化学过程贡献增加,说明光化学反应过程更加活跃;台风带来的外来气团经过上风向高污染物排放区域时,化学过程贡献显著上升,与非经过高污染物排放区域相比,污染时段的化学过程对中山市O₃源过程的浓度贡献高2.4%~6.5%;污染时段,水平输送对中山市大气O₃源过程的浓度贡献在56.6%~92.6%之间.因此,污染期间强化本地排放源的管控,减少O₃生成贡献的同时,结合区域气团路径分析,精准识别污染协同管控区域,上风向污染物高排放区域实施协同减排措施,实现区域联防联控.     

活性污泥总DNA不同提取方法的比较

为了快速、简便和经济地获得活性污泥的总DNA,以用于分子生物学研究,采用5种不同的DNA提取方法提取活性污泥的总DNA,并通过提取的核酸总量、纯度、是否含有聚合酶链反应抑制剂等指标综合分析不同的提取方法对活性污泥总DNA提取效果的影响.结果表明:蛋白酶K-SDS-酚氯仿法和柱提取DNA试剂盒法提取活性污泥总DNA效果最好,提取DNA总量多,纯度高,可不经纯化直接进行PCR扩增反应。     

氟里昂替代品降解产物TFA对生态环境的影响评价

氟里昂替代品的降解产物三氟乙酸(TFA)可以在水体中稳定存在,无明显的光解和生物降解,TFA以致在一些水体中不断累积。预计到2010年大气中TFA的含量可达到5～20pg/m3,降水中其含量可达到100～160ng/L。累积到一定的浓度时,TFA对生态系统包括动植物的危害是明显的,可抑制植物生长,并对动物造成伤害。      

FU型链式输送机及其在氧化铝熟料窑电除尘系统中的应用

概述了FU型链式输送机的工作原理、性能以及在选用时应注意的原则,并介绍了在氧化铝熟料窑电除尘系统中的应用.     

煤燃烧固氟剂及固氟效果研究

通过热力学分析煤燃烧过程中钙基固氟剂固氟反应机理和高温高效钙基固氟剂开发原则;通过流化床和链条炉燃烧试验考察石灰石和钙基固氟剂燃烧固氟效果.试验表明:流化床燃烧时石灰石燃烧固氟效果明显,在Ca/F=60～70时,脱氟率可达到66.7%～70.0%;链条炉燃烧试验表明:利用工业废料开发的钙基固氟剂固氟效果显著,在Ca/F=65～80时,脱氟率为57.32%～75.19%.在燃煤过程添加石灰石和钙基固氟剂具有固氟固硫的双重作用.     

Cash and voucher assistance along humanitarian supply chains: a literature review and directions for future research

This study reviews research on cash and voucher assistance (CVA) by applying a humanitarian supply chain management perspective. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify, analyse, and synthesise past academic research. The content, context, and process framework was used to structure the content analysis. The findings reveal that the outcomes of CVA programmes are dependent on critical context-specific variables that influence feasibility and operability. Humanitarian actors must consider factors that are external (the nature of disaster, politics, economy, and infrastructure) and internal (local market availability and accessibility, supplier/donor interest, supplier/vendor selection and contracting, and beneficiary preference) to the supply chain. The delivery process is influenced by them, impacting on programme responsiveness and cost-efficiency. The results provide insights that humanitarian practitioners can utilise to reconsider their supply chain strategies when deciding on the selection and implementation of CVA programmes. Potential literature gaps are identified, and recommendations for further research are provided.     

Endocrine disrupting effects on Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) fed with field collected Limnodrilus sp

The potential endocrine disrupting effects and other toxicity effects on aquatic biota resulted from food uptake was simulated by feeding the laboratory cultured rare minnow ( Gobiocypns rams) with field collected Limnodnlus sp. The results indicated that the food chain processes affected significantly the growth, slightly reduced gonadosomatic indices, and elevated hepatosomatic indices. There was an obvious vitellogenin(VTG) induction, which generally only occurred in mature female, in the serum of juvenile rare minnow and mature male when fed with Limnodrilus sp. In addition, the rare minnow feeding on Limnodnlus sp. had significantly high renal indices, it meant obvious renal hyperplasia. The present work suggested that Limnodnlus sp. from field water may contain toxic pollutants and could lead to endocrine disruption effects to the predators. It was concluded that endocrine disruptors may not only be assimilated through water, but also be bioconcentrated through food web. The results also suggested the importance of food selection in conducting the study of endocrine disruption effects using sensitive species.     

基于CAS视角的供应链环境协同治理研究

为探究供应链环境协同治理问题,本文从复杂适应系统视角分析了供应链环境协同治理中内部主体之间以及内外部主体间的协同作用机理,以此为基础构建了供应链环境协同治理模型。为探究协同治理机制在该模型中的实际成效,本文运用多主体仿真技术,对二级供应链模型进行仿真模拟,验证了协同治理在企业运营发展以及供应链整体环境绩效方面的提升作用,并针对协同模型中制造商零售商间减排成本分担系数进行调整,检验上下游企业间减排成本分担系数变化对供应链环境治理效果的影响。仿真结果显示,虽然供应链整体利润随着制造商承担的减排成本增加而增加,但供应链单位产值排放量却随之呈现先下降后上升的趋势,进一步验证了协同治理的效果。     

PCR技术在水体微生物检测中的应用

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术因其特异性强、灵敏度高以及快速简便等优点广泛应用于水体微生物的检测。综述了PCR技术的原理、方法及其在水体微生物检测中的研究进展。主要介绍了该技术应用于水环境中微生物病原体的检测、污水生物处理过程的监测与评价中的重要意义以及本实验室在该领域的研究进展。PCR技术为在分子水平上进行环境微生物的结构、多样性分析提供了有力的实验手段,有着广泛的应用前景。     

交通运输业碳排放效率时空演变及趋势预测

为探索周围邻域对交通运输业碳排放效率演变的影响,分析了交通运输业碳排放效率的时空演变特征,并对其长期演变趋势进行预测.首先,采用超效率SBM模型测度我国30个省份的交通运输业碳排放效率,利用核密度估计方法分析其随时间演变的特征;其次,构建传统与空间马尔可夫概率转移矩阵进一步分析了交通运输业碳排放效率的时空演变特征;最后,针对不同类型的省份提出相关建议.结果表明：(1)交通运输业碳排放效率的平均水平低于0.6,但呈逐年递增的趋势,且区域差异逐渐缩小.(2)各省份交通运输业碳排放效率至少有71%的概率维持原有状态,且短期内难以实现跨阶段转移.(3)地理空间格局影响交通运输业碳排放效率的演变过程,当某省份与碳排放效率高的省份相邻时,转移到高效率的概率增加,而与碳排放效率低的省份相邻时则相反.此外,在空间溢出效应的影响下,交通运输业碳排放效率的演变逐渐呈现“俱乐部收敛”的趋势.(4)从长期演变趋势来看,各省份交通运输业碳排放效率向高水平转移的可能性增大,呈现出由低到高递增的态势,同时“俱乐部收敛”现象逐渐消失.