Potential for carbon sequestration in Canadian forests and agroecosystems

The potential for carbon (C) sequestration was examined in selectedCanadian forest settings and prairie agroecosystems under severalmanagement scenarios. A simple C budget model was developed toquantitatively examine C sequestration potential in living biomass of forestecosystems, in associated forest-product C pools, and in displaced fossil-fuelC. A review of previous studies was conducted to examine C sequestrationpotential in prairie agroecosystems. In the forest settings examined, ourwork suggests that substantial C sequestration opportunities can be realizedin the short term through the establishment of protected forest-C reserves.Where stands can be effectively protected from natural disturbance, peaklevels of biomass C storage can exceed that under alternative managementstrategies for 200 years or more. In settings where it is not feasible tomaintain protected forest-C reserves, C sequestration opportunities can berealized through maximum sustained yield management with harvestedbiomass put towards the displacement of fossil fuels. Because there is afinite capacity for C storage in protected forest-C reserves, harvesting forestbiomass and using it to displace the use of fossil fuels, either directlythrough the production of biofuels or indirectly through the production oflong-lived forest products that displace the use of energy-intensive materialssuch as steel or concrete, can provide the greatest opportunity to mitigategreenhouse gas emissions in the long term. In Canadian prairieagroecosystems, modest C sequestration can be realized while enhancingsoil fertility and improving the efficiency of crop production. This can bedone in situations where soil organic C can be enhanced without relianceupon ongoing inputs of nitrogen fertilizer, or where the use of fossil fuelsin agriculture can be reduced. More substantial C offsets can be generatedthrough the production of dedicated energy crops to displace the use offossil fuels. Where afforestation or reconstruction of native prairieecosystems on previously cultivated land is possible, this represents thegreatest opportunity to sequester C on a per unit-area basis. However,these last two strategies involve the removal of land from crop production,and so they are not applicable on as wide a scale as some other Csequestration options which only involve modifications to currentagricultural practices.     

Multimedia model of atrazine in plant-soil-groundwater system with a fugacity approach

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On the determination of nitrous oxide emission factor during biomass burning

ＯｎｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｄｕｒｉｎｇｂｉｏｍａｓｓｂｕｒｎｉｎｇＣａｏＭｅｉｑｉｕ；ＺｈｕａｎｇＹａｈｕｉ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉ...     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

土壤环境容量数学模型——Ⅰ.土壤污染动力学模型

应用物质平衡原理,导出模拟土壤污染过程的动力学方程.可用于估算土壤环境容量、分析土壤污染动态和预测土壤超容年限.以测定残留率为基础的一类模型是本文提出的模型的一个特例.     

Optimization of C/N ratio for preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers'grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers' grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established. At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth, called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed. For each combination of C and N , their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined. Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria. The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus The conditions of fermentation are: inoculum size 10%, temperature 30.0℃, rotational speed 170 r/min, shake culture time 48h. The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are: maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium, maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%. Optimal C/N is 5.1.     

Effect of acid precipitation on leaching of nutritionsand aluminium from forest soils

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆａｃｉｄｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｎｌｅａｃｈｉｎｇｏｆｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍｆｒｏｍｆｏｒｅｓｔｓｏｉｌｓＤａｉＺｈａｏｈｕａ；ＬｉａｏＢｏｈａｎ；ＷａｎｇＺｈｉｈａｉＷａｎｇＸｉｎｇｊｕｎ；ＬｉｕＹｕｎｘｉ...     

生物质炭对Cd污染土壤团聚体酶活性的影响

为探究生物质炭对Cd污染土壤团聚体酶活性的影响,采用盆栽试验,向模拟Cd污染土壤中添加生物质炭并测定水稻根际土壤团聚体碳循环酶与氧化还原酶活性.结果表明:Cd污染土壤团聚体酶活性对添加量为2.5%的生物质炭响应明显,氧化还原酶活性指数值介于0.522~0.792之间.在2.5mg/kg的外源Cd条件下,2.5%的生物质炭比未添加生物质炭处理显著提高蛋白酶与过氧化氢酶活性至121%与653%.在Cd污染土壤中添加生物质炭,碳循环酶与氧化还原酶及综合酶活性均在0.5~1mm中等粒径土壤团聚体中产生富集效应,其酶活性随土壤团聚体粒径的增大呈先升后降最终趋于稳定的趋势.研究显示,在2.5mg/kg的外源Cd条件下,添加2.5%的生物质炭对水稻根际土壤团聚体酶活性影响显著,土壤酶活性受酶种类、生物质炭量与团聚体粒径的综合影响;在Cd污染土壤中添加生物质炭后,土壤酶活性随团聚体粒径的增大呈“∧”形变动规律.     

川西北草原土壤硼、锰丰缺状况初探

根据110余个表层土壤样品硼、锰含量的测定结果和土壤缺乏硼、锰的临界值指标,探究了川西北草原土壤中硼、锰的有效性及其丰缺状况.结果表明,本区土壤中全硼全锰含量丰富分别达166.0ppm和736.6ppm,但有效硼和锰的含量仅分别为0.45ppm和5.11ppm,土壤缺乏硼和锰比较普遍.为该区推广施用硼、锰微肥提供了初步的科学依据.     

土壤中总硒与水溶性硒相关性的环境因素

通过对湖北省部分地区土壤中总硒与水溶性硒的调查研究，分析土壤中总硒与水溶性硒的相关性与自然环境因素的关系。从而探讨导致缺硒和富硒疾病的成因。