对苯二酚在乙醇水混合溶剂中的溶解度

建立了测定固体在液体中溶解度的实验装置,并测定了10～70℃对苯二酚在乙醇、水、乙醇含量(wt%)分别为75%、50%、25%水溶液中的溶解度数据。采用最小二乘法和简单数学模型对实验数据进行关联,模型计算平均相对误差小于2.0%。     

Prediction of aqueous solubility of PCBs based on molecular structure

The thermodynamic relationships among aqueous solubility and molar volume (MV) , total molecular surface area (TSA) and molecular connectivity index (MCI) for highly hydrophobic chemicals. PCBs are established and discussed, respectively. Good linear relationships exist among In Cs and MV, TSA or MCI.     

冬季青岛不同气团来源气溶胶中磷浓度及溶解度

分析了2017-11~2018-01在青岛采集的气溶胶样品中总磷（TP）、溶解态总磷（DTP）、溶解态无机磷（DIP）和溶解态有机磷（DOP）浓度,讨论了来自北方快速移动的干冷气团（NS）和局地停滞性暖湿气团（LS）中气溶胶P浓度和溶解度的差异及其原因.TP浓度在NS和LS气溶胶中分别为（137.3±49.3）ng/m³和（115.8±45.8）ng/m³,DTP对TP的贡献（即P溶解度）分别为（20.7±5.6）%和（45.9±15.7）%.DTP中以DIP为主,其贡献在NS和LS气溶胶中分别为65.6%和55.3%.NS气溶胶中人为源P对TP的贡献为69%,略低于LS气溶胶中的72%.LS气溶胶中较高的酸化程度和相对湿度（RH）以及较慢的气团传输速率是其P溶解度显著高于NS气溶胶的原因.RH<60%时,无论酸化程度高低,P溶解度不超过30%;RH>60%时,酸化条件下,高的相对湿度和低的气团传输速率有利于显著提升P溶解度.因此,日趋严重的大气污染可能提高了我国近海大气生物可利用P的入海通量.     

二英分子结构-水溶解度相关性密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311G^**水平上,对多氯二苯并对二英(PCDDs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)的电子结构进行了优化,相应量子化学参数,即平均分子极化率(α)、熵(S)、极化率和四极矩的张量分量(α_xx、α_yy、α_zz和Q_xx、Q_yy、Q_zz)等用于该类化合物水溶解度的定量结构-性质相关性（QSPR）研究;基于内部误差一致的实验值,成功建立了3个QSPRs,其决定系数分别为0 .977、0 .968和0 .961;交叉验证相关系数分别为0 .968、0 .959和0 .946.模型分析表明,水溶解度主要与分子体积有关,而分子间相互作用的影响较小;不同QSPRs预测值间的差异可能与模型中预测变量本身性质和可获取实验值的有限性有关.与新近发展的QSPR相比较,本研究模型性能均有提高,这可能与B3LYP/6-311G^**精确计算电子性质和模型中引入四极矩张量分量有关.     

Preparation of FexCe1-xOy solid solution and its application in Pd-only three-way catalysts

FeO_x-CeO₂ mixed oxides with increasing Fe/(Ce+Fe) atomic ratio (1-20 mol%) were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) techniques. The dynamic oxygen storage capacity (DOSC) was investigated by mass spectrometry with CO/O₂ transient pulses. The powder XRD data following Rietveld refinement revealed that the solubility limit of iron oxides in the CeO₂ was 5 mol% based on Fe/(Ce+Fe). The lattice parameters experienced a decrease followed by an increase due to the influence of the maximum solubility limit of iron oxides in the CeO₂. TPR analysis revealed that Fe introduction into ceria strongly modified the textual and structural properties, which influenced the oxygen handling properties. DOSC results revealed that Ce-based materials containing Fe oxides with multiple valences contribute to the majority of DOSC. The kinetic analysis indicated that the calculated apparent kinetic parameters obey the compensation effect. The three-way catalytic performance for Pd-only catalysts based on the Fe doping support exhibited the redundant iron species separated out of the CeO₂ and interacted with the ceria and Pd species on the surface, which seriously influenced the catalytic properties, especially after hydrothermal aging treatment.     

青岛大气气溶胶中微量元素溶解度及影响因素

利用2012年12月在青岛采集的31个总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品,分析其中11种微量元素的总浓度和溶解态浓度,讨论了沙尘负载、气溶胶来源、酸过程及天气条件对微量元素溶解度的影响.结果表明,Fe和Al的溶解度<5%,Pb、Ba、Bi的为10%左右,Cu、V、Cd、Mn的为20%~30%,Zn和As的约为40%.随着沙尘负载量的增加,气溶胶中微量元素溶解度呈规律性递减.气团后向轨迹聚类分析和正矩阵因子分析（PMF）结果显示,受人为源影响的气溶胶中微量元素溶解度明显高于受沙尘源影响的,受二次生成源和海洋源影响的的气溶胶中微量元素溶解度明显高于受土壤源影响的.大气酸过程是造成这些差异的主要原因.相关性分析表明,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和有机酸等酸组分均对微量元素溶解度有一定影响.霾天时气溶胶中微量元素溶解度明显低于雾天的,其原因为酸组分在较高的相对湿度下更能促进微量元素溶解度的提高.     

Role of organic and black carbon in the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol at European background sites

The mass concentrations of inorganic ions, water-soluble organic carbon, water-insoluble organic carbon and black carbon were determined in atmospheric aerosol collected at three European background sites: (i) the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (high-alpine, PM_2.5 aerosol); (ii) K-puszta, Hungary (rural, PM_1.0 aerosol); (iii) Mace Head, Ireland (marine, total particulate matter). At the Jungfraujoch and K-puszta the contribution of carbonaceous compounds to the aerosol mass was higher than that of inorganic ions by 33% and 94%, respectively. At these continental sites about 60% of the organic carbon was water soluble, 55–75% of the total carbon proved to be refractory and a considerable portion of the water soluble, refractory organic matter was composed of humic-like substances. At Mace Head the mass concentration of organic matter was found to be about twice than that of nonsea-salt ions, 40% of the organic carbon was water soluble and the amount of highly refractory carbon was low. Humic-like substances were not detected but instead low molecular weight carboxylic acids were responsible for about one-fifth of the water-soluble organic mass. These results imply that the influence of carbonaceous compounds on aerosol properties (e.g. hygroscopic, optical) might be significant.     

水溶性有机酸对萘溶解度及迁移性能的影响

通过热力学的方法,研究了水溶性有机酸对萘的溶解度及迁移性能的影响,结果表明,萘的溶解度和萘由纯水向不同浓度有机酸溶液的迁移能力随着有机酸浓度的增加而增加,但这种趋势并非简单的线性增加,当有机酸浓度超过一定数值后,萘的溶解度会突然增大,迁移趋势会明显增加.这种变化与在稀溶液中形成的水包有机酸笼合物结构有关.     

应用不同结构参数预测取代苯甲醛类化合物的分配性质

测定了28种取代苯甲醛类化合物的正辛醇/水分配系数（Kow）和水溶解度（Sw）,采用量化参数和分子连接性指数来构建定量结构－性质相关（QSPR）模型．所得模型能较好地预测该类化合物的Kow和Sw．Kow和Sw平均估算误差分别为0.15和0.20个对数单位．模型的统计检验表明,模型中自变量不存在相关关系;残差呈正态分布．     

1株高效BBP降解菌的分离与特性研究

从湖北省荆沙河泥样中富集培养分离得到了1株能够以邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯为唯一碳源和能源生长的细菌并命名为HS-B1.采用形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定,发现HS-B1是1株杆状、需氧、革兰氏阴性细菌,接触酶呈阳性反应,氧化酶呈阴性反应,不产硫化氢气体,且该菌的16S rDNA序列与琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii)的相似性高达99%.因此初步鉴定该菌株为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.).摇瓶实验表明,菌株HS-B1生长和BBP降解的最适培养条件为35℃,pH 8.0.采用0.10 mmol.L-1非离子型表面活性剂吐温-80提高了BBP在水溶液中的表观溶解度,发现在最适培养条件下,HS-B1能够在48 h内将浓度为1 000 mg.L-1BBP完全降解,证明是一株高效降解菌.底物广谱性实验中,菌株HS-B1也能够有效利用DMP、DEP、DBP等邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,说明该菌株在处理邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的污染治理中有独特的应用潜力.