Improved dark ambient degradation of organic pollutants by cerium strontium cobalt perovskite

This work investigates the effect of cerium substation into strontium cobalt perovskites(CeSrCoO) for the oxidative degradation of Orange Ⅱ(OII) in dark ambient conditions without the aid of any external stimulants such as light,heating or chemical additives.The OII degradation rate by CeSrCoO reached 65% in the first hour,whilst for the blank sample without cerium(SrCoO) took over 2 hr to reach the same level of OII degradation.Hence,the cerium substitution improved the catalytic activity of the perovskite material,mainly associated with the Ce_(0.1)Sr_(0.9)CoO_3 perovskite phase.Upon contacting CeSrCoO,the-N=Nazo bonds of the OII molecules broke down resulting in electron donation and the formation of by-products.The electrons are injected into the CeSrCoO and resulted in a redox pair of Co~(3+)/Co~(2+),establishing a bridge for the electron transfer between OII and the catalysts.Concomitantly,the electrons also formed reactive species(·OH) responsible for OII degradation as evidenced by radical trapping experiment.Reactive species were formed via the reaction between 02 and donated electrons from OII with the aid of cobalt redox pair.As the prepared materials dispensed with the need for light irradiation and additional oxidants,it opens a window of environmental applications for treating contaminated wastewaters.     

Monitoring transport of selected pesticides and phenols in soil columns by high performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

Soil columns were used to study pesticides and phenols transport under rapid infiltration land treatment conditions. An analytical procedure is described for the quantitative determination of atrazine, diuron, carbofuran, phenol, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, 2,4‐dimethylphenol, and 2,4‐dichlorophenol in soil and wastewater. Recoveries of all analytes were greater than 90%. The method detection limits for all analytes were ≤0.03 μg/ml (s/n=4) in wastewater and ≤ 0.1 μg/ml (s/n=5) in soil.     

多环芳烃及其衍生物在北京纳污河流中的分布及健康风险

为探明北京5座污水处理厂出水及受纳河流中多环芳烃(PAHs)及其衍生物(SPAHs)的污染水平及健康风险水平,采用固相萃取-气相色谱质谱联用仪测定水样中的PAHs及SPAHs的质量浓度,分析其分布特征,同时使用毒性当量因子评价河流中PAHs的健康风险.结果表明,5座污水处理厂出水及受纳河流中PAHs及SPAHs总质量浓度分别为75~584 ng·L~(-1)和91~1822 ng·L~(-1).水样中PAHs以2和3环为主,占PAHs总量的23%~48%.本研究中的SPAHs包括三类物质:氧化PAHs(OPAHs)、甲基PAHs (MPAHs)和氯代PAHs (Cl PAHs).其中,OPAHs占ΣSPAHs的质量分数为75%,MPAHs、Cl PAHs占比总体较低,分别为12%、13%.通过对5条河流中PAHs进行毒性当量浓度计算,表明应在采暖季(12月)对高环PAHs污染引起重视.     

影响挥发酚测定因素的探讨

本文对普遍采用的4-氨基安替比林萃取分光光度法测定饮用水中挥发酚的多种影响因素进行了探讨，获得的结果对饮用水中挥发酚的准确测定有较好的实用性。     

酚类化合物的QSAR研究

直接应用化合物的分子结构式产生的结构描述参量研究了45个酚类化合物的麻醉毒性和分子结构之间的相关性,用多元回归分析和神经网络法建立了相应的数学模型,并用其预测了5个酚类化合物的麻醉毒性.结果表明,所提取的结构参量较好地反映这类化合物的结构特性,而用神经网络法所得结果优于多元回归分析结果.     

淮河水体取代苯类污染及其生态风险

测定了13种取代苯类污染物、阿特拉津和乙草胺在淮河4个监测断面水、水体沉积物，鲤鱼（Grass Carp）中的浓度，并计算了上述有机污染物的生物富集因子（BAF）和生物沉积物浓缩因子（BSAF）。同时通过在现场放置的三油酸酯半渗透膜采样器（SPMD）研究，发现上述污染物在SPMD中的浓度和在鲤鱼脂肪或沉积物有机质中的浓度之间有显著相关性，因此，提出利用SPMD得到的三油酸酯沉积物富集因子（TSAF）来代替BSAF，用于沉积物污染生态风险评价。在怕检测的污染物中，影响水体水质的主要是2，4－二硝基苯，六氯苯，阿特拉津，采样断面中蚌埠的生态风险最大。     

部分取代芳烃对绿藻毒性的研究和QSAR分析

本文测定了３０余种取代芳烃对一种绿藻（斜生栅藻）的ＥＣ５０值（即与对照相比，使藻的生长率下降５０％的有机物浓度）并结合发光菌的毒性数据，研究了这类物质结合与活性的定量关系，用辛醇水分配系数和特殊分子连接性指数可以较好地预测反应性有机物的毒性。     

Formation of chloroarenes upon gas-phase pyrolysis and slow combustion of benzene-HCl mixtures

Pyrolysis (800–900°C, ca. 5 s) of benzene/HC1 mixtures leads to chlorobenzene (1) even in a reducing environment of H₂ and/or CH₄. With added oxygen, 1 is formed even at 550°C; such slow combustions also yield chlorinated phenols and dibenzofurans.     

15种取代酚对淡水发光菌Q67的毒性及定量构效分析

为了更加准确和便捷地预测各种取代酚类化合物的急性毒性,以淡水发光菌Q67(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67)为受试生物,测定了15种典型取代酚的急性毒性;采用logD(正辛醇/水分配系数),LUMO(分子最低空轨道能)和MW(分子量)等取代酚的7种主要结构参数,利用偏最小二乘回归法建立了定量结构-活性相关(quantitative structure-activity relationships,QSAR)模型。结果表明,15种取代酚的EC_(50)在5.76×10~(-6)～1.27×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)之间,且有很好的剂量-效应关系;QSAR模型的主成分分析显示,-logEC_(50)与logD、LUMO和MW值正相关,且logD对模型的贡献最大,即越容易与Q67菌结合的酚类化合物对其的急性毒性越大;建立的QSAR模型具有较好的预测能力(Q~2_(EXT)=0.91,RMSE=0.49)和较高的稳定性(Q~2_(CUM)=0.58),能够用于预测其他酚类化合物对Q67菌的急性毒性。     

我国典型城市冬季龙头水中卤代酚类嗅味污染特征

为研究我国典型城市冬季龙头水中卤代酚类嗅味暴露特征,以8种典型卤代酚类嗅味物质为研究对象,采用固相微萃取预处理,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪对全国22个典型城市龙头水中的卤代酚类嗅味污染物进行定性、定量分析. 结果表明:在我国冬季典型城市龙头水中普遍存在卤代酚类嗅味物质暴露问题. 其中,以4-氯酚的暴露浓度最大,ρ(4-氯酚)最高为3 526.24 ng/L,ρ(2-氯酚)和ρ(2-溴酚)较小,最大暴露值均小于100 ng/L;ρ(2,6-二溴酚)与ρ(2,6-二氯酚)在各典型城市普遍出现超嗅阈值现象;就调查的城市而言,东北地区污染最为严重,其次为华北地区,中南和西部地区嗅味物质污染及超嗅阈值现象相对较轻.