Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water usage of tomato seedlings under different ammonium/nitrate ratios

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is generally expected to enhance photosynthesis and growth of agricultural C3 vegetable crops, and therefore results in an increase in crop yield. However, little is known about the combined effect of elevated CO2 and N species on plant growth and development. Two growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio and elevated CO2 concentration on the physiological development and water use of tomato seedlings. Tomato was grown for 45 d in containers with nutrient solutions varying in NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios and CO2 concentrations in growth chambers. Results showed that plant height, stem thickness, total dry weight, dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots, G value （total plant dry weight/seedling days）, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf-level and whole plant-level water use efficiency and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings were increased with increasing proportion of NO3- in nutrient solutions in the elevated CO2 treatment. Plant biomass, plant height, stem thickness and photosynthetic rate were 67%, 22%, 24% and 55% higher at elevated CO2 concentration than at ambient CO2 concentration, depending on the values of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio. These results indicated that elevating CO2 concentration did not mitigate the adverse effects of 100% NH4^＋-N （in nutrient solution） on the tomato seedlings. At both CO2 levels, NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios of nutrient solutions strongly influenced almost every measure of plant performance, and nitrate-fed plants attained a greater biomass production, as compared to ammonium-fed plants. These phenomena seem to be related to the coordinated regulation of photosynthetic rate and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings.     

液质联用测定番茄中甲基硫菌灵残留量

为了评价70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂在番茄中的使用安全性,开展甲基硫菌灵在番茄中的残留量研究。本文建立了分散固相萃取前处理,高效液相色谱/质谱联用法测定甲基硫菌灵在番茄中残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基甲硅烷（PSA）和无水硫酸镁混合振荡离心除去杂质和水分,上清液用配有电喷雾（ESI）源的高效液相色谱/质谱联用仪测定。田间试验结果建议在番茄上喷施70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g ai·hm^-2,3次施药,推荐安全间隔期为3 d;市场抽检样品检测表明番茄中甲基硫菌灵的残留量均小于0.05 mg·kg^-1,低于最大残留限量3 mg·kg^-1。     

Effect of organic acid on Cd toxicityin tomato and bean growth

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简易柱式无土栽培法

在立柱栽培技术发展过程中 ,简易柱式法最先是在 1994～ 1995年初发展起来的 ,并在当年推广到江苏张家港市和河北遵化市 ,后来在此基础上发展了现被广泛推广应用的标准型柱式无土栽培法[1～ 3] ,但该方法中的盆钵是由高强度抗老化的ＡＢＳ工程塑料铸塑而成 ,价格贵 ,安装 1亩 ( 6 6 6 .7ｍ2 )约需6万元人民币 ,在中小城市及农村推广使用不易 ,因此简易柱式无土栽培技术的优点值得重视 ,讨论如下 :1　简易立柱的组装简易柱是由包裹材料柱壁、柱体和栽培基质构成 .柱壁是新制丙烯 (ｐｏｌｙｐｒｏｐｙｒｅｎｅ)编织材料 (俗称“蛇皮”带 ) ,裁…     

番茄柱式无土栽培研究

在立柱密度为 80cm× 80cm的”树林”式柱式无土栽培区种植番茄 (LycopersicumMill) ,品种是洋杂 2号和90 6 ,面积各有 5 4 0m2 (在非自控玻璃温室内 ) ,各含 6 36根立柱 ,每根柱种 3层共 9株 ,总共各有 5 72 4株 .番茄生长期间 ,柱上植株始终保持塔形排列 ,每株留 2穗果约 6只番茄 ,在不影响结果情况下注意去顶、剪叶和去除营养枝 ,以保持柱间有良好透光 .此外 ,在两行立柱之间地面 (除走道外 )铺设中高 10cm倒V字形双面铝 (Al)膜反光体 ,可使柱高 10 0cm以下的光照量增加 5 0 %左右 ,并超过了番茄的光合需要保持量E为 6 0 0～ 70 0 μEm-2 s-1[2 ] 的要求 .立柱由基质型盆钵组成 ,盆钵中的基质有陶粒、用过的香菇菌棒碎料加珍珠岩加有机肥料和难溶磷铁肥 ,于循环水中加入盆钵中没有的成分组成完全的平衡营养系统以循环浇灌 ,结果培养出了粗壮结果良好的的植株 .番茄洋杂 2号亩产为 5 184kg,是对照(深流栽培 )的 2 .4倍 ,又比土栽培的产量高 30 % ;品种 90 6亩产为 5 2 34kg,是对照土栽培的 2 .2倍 .图 2表 3参 2     

Effect of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Polyethylene on the Growth of Red Pepper and Tomato

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyethylene (PE) were blended with a soil for cultivation, and their effects were investigated on the growth behavior of red pepper and tomato by examining the stems, the leaves, and the roots. PVA retarded the growth of red pepper significantly even at a concentration as low as 0.05%. The roots were depauperated more than the stems and the leaves. Tomato was also affected by PVA but to a lesser extent than red pepper. In contrast, the presence of both round pieces (10 mm diameter) of PE film and powdery PE influenced negligibly the growth of red pepper as well as that of tomato up to 35 wt% in soil.     

有机-无机复混肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

文章采用田间小区试验研究了有机-无机复混肥对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用有机-无机复混肥显著促进番茄植株生长,改善番茄品质。芋头秸秆堆肥、玉米秸秆堆肥处理的番茄株分别比传统施肥处理高5.43%和4.10%,茎粗分别比传统施肥处理高10.04%和10.93%,花朵数分别比传统施肥处理多6.98%、6.40%,分别比对照增产13.73%、13.35%。两种复混肥处理下番茄果实Vc含量分别比传统施肥处理多19.35%、18.83%。综合考虑研究区的实际情况,牛粪:芋头秸=2:1堆肥后制成有机-无机复混肥具有优良的肥料品质,建议推广应用于生产中。     

活性炭吸附-微波催化氧化处理番茄酱加工有机废水

采用活性炭吸附-微波催化氧化技术处理番茄酱加工有机废水,考察了活性炭添加量、H2O2用量、辐射时间以及微波功率对废水处理效果的影响。确定微波催化氧化条件为:微波功率630w、辐射时间15min、H2O2用量0.9mL、活性碳用量1.5g/100mL。在此条件下对废水进行处理,废水的COD、TOC和BOD去除率分别为87.3%,84.4%和82.3%,处理时间由2h缩短为15min。结果表明,该方法是一种快速有效的处理番茄酱加工有机废水的方法。     

灌溉后通气对盆栽番茄土壤酶活性的影响

为改善作物根系生长环境,采用空气压缩机控制盆栽番茄供气,研究了不同水、气条件对土壤酶活性及盆栽番茄生长的影响。研究结果表明:土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和脱氢酶活性在番茄生育期内均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势;不同水分条件下通气处理均能提高过氧化氢酶、脲酶和脱氢酶活性,但以80%田间持水量、通气量系数为0.8组合时效果最好;番茄产量与植株干物质积累在该组合下也达到最高值。说明80%田间持水量、通气量系数为0.8组合可改善番茄根际土壤气体环境,提高酶活性,促进植株生长,提高果实产量。     

好氧高效菌群处理番茄酱加工废水的评价

研究了好氧高效菌群加入天业番茄制品有限公司的废水处理系统后的效果。结果表明:加入好氧高效菌群能够有效的缩短污泥培养时间;加装填料后,入水ρ(COD)小于2 000 mg/L时,出水符合GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》二级排放标准;有机负荷过高时,系统也能维持较高的处理效率。好氧高效菌群能够适应工厂复杂的开放环境,不仅保证处理出水水质达到排放标准,同时解决了非生产期的污泥保存和驯化污泥的难题。