Effect of pretreatment on Pd/Al2O3 catalyst for catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature

The effect of pretreatment on Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature was studied by changing the pretreatment and testing conditions. The fresh and pretreated Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pretreatment dramatically changed the Pd/PdO ratio and then significantly affected the Pd/Al₂O₃ activity; while the pretreatment had not much influence on Pd particle size. The Pd/Al₂O₃ pre-reduced at 300℃/400℃, which has fully reduced Pd species, showed the highest activity; while the fresh Pd/Al₂O₃, which has fully oxidized Pd species, presented the worst performance, indicating the Pd chemical state plays an important role in the catalytic activity for the o-xylene oxidation. It is concluded that metallic Pd is the active species on the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of o-xylene at low temperature.     

中国安全防范产品行业协会关于增补副理事长单位及代表人、常务理事单位、理事单位的决定

根据《中国安全防范产品行业协会章程》第二十条规定，经本次常务理事会审议、投票通过，决定增补成都亚光电子股份有限公司及杨和声同志为协会副理事长单位及代表人；     

对广州灰霾天气中单个气溶胶颗粒物的研究

利用电子显微镜，采用形态分析法和X射线能谱分析法相结合的方法对2003年广州灰霾天气中单个气溶胶颗粒物的大小、形态结构和元素组成进行了研究。在灰霾天气中，颗粒物的半径在1．0μm以下，属于细颗粒物；X射线能谱分析的结果显示，它们有比较复杂的组成，大都是混合物。在灰霾天气，常可以观察到一些特殊的颗粒物，它们带有卫星滴结构。比较灰霾天气形成前后一些气溶胶颗粒物的形态结构和元素组成，它们有着较明显的差异。这些观察提供了证据：在灰霾天气过程中，部分粒子的组成有可能发生了变化。     

陆丰核电周边海域表层沉积物放射性核素比活度水平研究初探

本文采用γ能谱法对陆丰核电周边海域表层沉积物中的放射性核素进行分析测定。研究表明, 陆丰核电周边海域表层沉积物样品中的铀系核素衰变不平衡:210Pb相对于226Ra过剩;226Ra相对于238U缺损。钍系核素228Th和228Ra则接近衰变平衡。与我国部分海域沉积物放射性含量相比,陆丰核电周边海域表层沉积物样品中核素238U、228Th的放射性比活度值位于中等水平,其余核素（40K、226Ra、210Pb、228Ra 、 137Cs）的比活度值均接近于南海东北部表层沉积物核素比活度值。总体而言,研究海域表层沉积物样品放射性水平与历史数据无明显差异,处于本底范围。     

臭氧-活性炭处理高浓度制药废水作用机制研究

该研究采用臭氧(O_3)-颗粒活性炭(GAC)处理高浓度制药废水,研究结果表明:(1)投加适量的GAC能提高O_3对高浓度有机物的去除能力,当O_3气体流速为120 L/h和GAC剂量30 g时,COD去除率可达到92%;(2)GAC可以提高O_3利用率,当O_3气体流量为60 L/h和GAC剂量30 g时,O_3利用率为50%,相比于单独O_3氧化时分别提高了30%;(3)pH值对O_3/GAC体系有机物去除和协同因子都有重要影响。在酸性条件下,COD的去除主要靠GAC的吸附和O_3氧化作用;在碱性条件下,靠GAC吸附和羟基自由基(HO·)氧化作用去除。协同因子在酸、碱性条件下分别为1.0、1.4;(4)在酸性和碱性条件下,GAC表面峰强度变化分别与GAC吸附有机物、GAC表面官能团的增多相关。废水经过O_3氧化后,原有的多环类化合物的浓度降低,但苯系衍生物和简单有机酸等浓度等却增加,还生成了简单的酚类物质;经过O_3/GAC体系作用后多环化合物的浓度水平显著下降;(5)O_3/GAC体系动态实验中,GAC吸附15 min即出现泄漏,进行到50 min出水水质与进水水质相同;运行到100 min时开始通入O_3,O_3/GAC体系共运行约250 min,运行期间保持对COD的良好去除效果,极大地延长了活性炭的使用周期。     

Kinetics and corrosion products of aqueous nitrate reduction by iron powder without reaction conditions control

Although considerable research has been conducted on nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron powder (Fe0), these studies were mostly operated under anaerobic conditions with invariable pH that was unsuitable for practical application. Without reaction conditions (dissolved oxygen or reaction pH) control, this work aimed at subjecting the kinetics of denitrification by microscale Fe0 (160–200 mesh) to analysis the factors affecting the denitrification of nitrate and the composition of iron reductive products c...     

Effect of functional groups on sludge for biosorption of reactive dyes

The sludge, which was collected from a biological coke wastewater treatment plant, was used as a low-cost adsorbent in the removal of reactive dyes (methylene blue (MB) and reactive red 4 (RR4)) from aqueous solution. The pH of dye solution played an important role on the dye uptake. As the solution pH increase, the MB uptake increased, while the RR4 uptake decreased. The maximum uptake of RR4 by protonated sludge was 73.7 mg/g at pH 1, and the maximum uptake of MB by sludge was 235.3 mg/g at pH 9. Three functional groups, including carboxyl, phosphonate, and amine group, were identified by potentiometric titration, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anionic functional groups, phosphonate and carboxyl group, were identified as the binding sites for the cationic MB. Amine groups were identified to bind RR4. The main mechanism of the reactive dyestuffs adsorption is electrostatic interaction.     

海水中137Cs的富集与分析

应用改进的磷钼酸铵(AMP)富集法吸附、富集海水中的137Cs,并采用γ谱仪进行测量。结果表明,改进磷钼酸铵法最佳的实验条件为:量取20～100 L海水样品,调节pH 1.2～3.3,按每5 L水样50 mg、1 g的比例分别先后加入铯载体和40～60目的磷钼酸铵(AMP),通入30 L/min的气泡搅拌30 min,放置澄清4 h以上(一般放置时间不超过24 h)。用改进磷钼酸铵法取40 L海水样品进行实验时,铯的化学回收率93%～100%,放射性137Cs回收率94%～102%。γ能谱法测定海水中137Cs分析结果和β计数法进行比较,两者在t检验上没有显著性差异,证明γ能谱法测定大体积海水中137Cs的方法是可行的。     

Photoelectrochemical degradation of Methylene Blue with -PbO2 electrodes driven by visible light irradiation

-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We confirmed pure -PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution potential. The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the -PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation ( > 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue. Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter (Kapp) for dye decolorization using the -PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10?4 min?1 under visible light irradiation, which indicated its excellent visible light-induced photoactivity. The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10?3 min?1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the -PbO2 electrode. A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system. We also employed TiO2 modified -PbO2 electrodes in this test, which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the -PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation. The -PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode (Ti/Ru0:3Ti0:7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.     

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1和Shewanella putrefaciens对V(V)的还原及其影响因素

在实验室模拟培养条件下,研究Shewanella oneidensis MR-1和Shewanella putrefaciens在厌氧体系中对V（V）的耐性试验,探讨在不同的V（V）浓度、接菌量、pH值和不同蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸（AQDS）浓度下对V（V）还原的影响,并通过扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行表征.结果表明V（V）浓度低于10mg/L时对S.oneidensis MR-1和S.putrefaciens的生长影响较小,V（V）浓度超过20mg/L则会抑制其生长和V（V）的还原;随着接菌量的增加,2种微生物对V（V）的还原能力逐渐增强;2种微生物最适生长pH值均为7.0左右,弱碱性环境下2种微生物对V（V）的还原率高于弱酸性环境;添加1mmol/L AQDS会加快2种微生物对V（V）的还原.菌株培养3d后通过SEM分析,S.oneidensis MR-1和S.putrefaciens进行V（V）还原的同时也伴有少量的吸附作用.利用XPS能谱分析表明S.oneidensis MR-1和S.putrefaciens将V（V）还原为V（IV）.