微气泡曝气生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化研究

同步硝化反硝化(SND)是废水处理中的新型生物脱氮工艺,和传统生物脱氮工艺相比具有显著的应用优势.本研究采用微气泡曝气固定床生物膜反应器,研究了SND过程中污染物去除效果并检测了生物膜功能菌群的变化情况.结果表明,在微气泡曝气固定床生物膜反应器内可以实现同步硝化反硝化,通过提高进水COD负荷和C∶N比,降低溶解氧(DO)浓度,同时增加填料床层孔隙率,可以改善SND效果.当进水COD负荷和总氮(TN)负荷为0.86 kg·(m3·d)-1和0.10 kg·(m3·d)-1,且填料床层孔隙率为81%时,COD和TN的去除率分别为97.6%和70.2%,实现了COD和TN的同步高效去除;同时,微气泡曝气对氧传质的强化作用使得氧利用率高达91.8%.此外,生物膜活性和硝化及反硝化功能菌群的变化,与反应器COD、氨氮和TN去除能力的变化基本一致.     

限量曝气进水时间对硝化颗粒污泥的影响特性研究

缺氧-好氧环境的交替循环对氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌具有重要影响.本研究通过逐渐增加限量曝气进水时间(从10 min至120 min)延长缺氧时段,考察柱形SBR中硝化颗粒污泥对不同缺氧-好氧环境交替循环的响应特性.整个研究过程中,硝化颗粒污泥保持着稳定的颗粒特征,粒径大于0.8 mm的颗粒污泥占总污泥量的质量分数始终在95%以上,颗粒平均沉降速率维持在125～130 m·h-1之间.尽管缺氧时段不断延长,但NH+4-N去除率和NO-2-N累积率分别稳定在(60±5)%、(85±5)%;此外,在每个周期的曝气反应时段,NH+4-N的去除速率以及NO-2-N和NO-3-N的累积速率分别保持在90mg·(L·h)-1、70 mg·(L·h)-1和15 mg·(L·h)-1左右.以上结果表明,限量进水时间的延长及其所造成的不同时间跨度的缺氧环境对硝化颗粒污泥没有较为显著的影响.     

聚乳酸/淀粉固体缓释碳源生物反硝化研究

以被硝酸盐氮污染的地下水为研究对象,利用共混/熔融聚合技术将聚乳酸和淀粉混合,制备成兼具碳源和生物载体的缓释碳.并考察不同质量比(聚乳酸∶淀粉为8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5)的缓释碳在反硝化间歇试验中硝氮、亚硝氮和COD的去除效果,结果表明,当聚乳酸/淀粉质量比为5∶5的缓释碳,其反硝化效果最佳,硝氮去除率达99%;以该比例的缓释碳进行反硝化填充柱连续动态试验时,反应器中反硝化效果显著,出水硝氮浓度在2 mg·L-1以下,为开发环境友好的可控性缓释碳源提供了科学依据.     

Effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in treatment of coal chemical industry wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor

Nitrogen removal via nitrite （the nitrite pathway） is more suitable for carbon-limited industrial wastewater. Partial nitrification to nitrite is the primary step to achieve nitrogen removal via nitrite. The effect of alkalinity on nitrite accumulation in a continuous process was investigated by progressively increasing the alkalinity dosage ratio （amount of alkalinity to ammonia ratio, mol/mol）. There is a close relationship among alkalinity, pH and the state of matter present in aqueous solution. When alkalinity was insufficient （compared to the theoretical alkalinity amount）, ammonia removal efficiency increased first and then decreased at each alkalinity dosage ratio, with an abrupt removal efficiency peak. Generally, ammonia removal efficiency rose with increasing alkalinity dosage ratio. Ammonia removal efficiency reached to 88% from 23% when alkalinity addition was sufficient. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved by inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） by free ammonia （FA） in the early period and free nitrous acid in the later period of nitrification when alkalinity was not adequate. Only FA worked to inhibit the activity of NOB when alkalinity addition was sufficient.     

Sources of nitrous and nitric oxides in paddy soils：Nitrification and denitrification

Rice-paddies are regarded as one of the main agricultural sources of N 2O and NO emissions. To date, however, specific N2O and NO production pathways are poorly understood in paddy soils. ^15N-tracing experiments were carded out to investigate the processes responsible for N2O and NO production in two paddy soils with substantially different soil properties. Laboratory incubation experiments were carried out under aerobic conditions at moisture contents corresponding to 60% of water holding capacity. The relative importance of nitrification and denitrification to the flux of NaO was quantified by periodically measuring and comparing the enrichments of the N2O, NH~-N and NO3-N pools. The results showed that both N2O and NO emission rates in an alkaline paddy soil with clayey texture were substantially higher than those in a neutral paddy soil with silty loamy texture. In accordance with most published results, the ammonium N pool was the main source of N2O emission across the soil profiles of the two paddy soils, being responsible for 59.7% to 97.7% of total N2O emissions. The NO3-N pool of N2O emission was relatively less important under the given aerobic conditions. The rates of N2O emission from nitrification （N2On） among different soil layers were significantly different, which could be attributed to both the differences in gross N nitrification rates and to the ratios of nitrified N emitted as NzO among soil layers. Furthermore, NO fluxes were positively correlated with the changes in gross nitrification rates and the ratios of NO/N2O in the two paddy soils were always greater than one （from 1.26 to 6.47）. We therefore deduce that, similar to N2O, nitrification was also the dominant source of NO in the tested paddy soils at water contents below 60% water holding capacity.     

高铁动车段集便器污水处理调研及优化脱氮分析

基于对高铁动车段污水的调研,针对集便污水具有高氨氮、低碳氮比特征,传统处理工艺难以充分满足《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(GB/T 31962-2015)氮排放限值要求,对比分析高效生物脱氮工艺与传统生物脱氮工艺.结果 表明,短程硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化工艺具有明显的脱氮效能和经济效益,可有效降低运行成本.     

生物膜SBR反应器中低氨氮浓度废水亚硝化启动试验研究

为建立生物膜SBR反应器处理中低氨氮浓度废水的自养脱氮系统,采用控制DO浓度、HRT和不同生物载体填料的4组小试生物膜SBR反应器,对中低氨氮浓度废水进行了单级自养脱氮工艺亚硝化阶段的启动试验研究.结果表明:接种普通好氧活性污泥和厌氧污泥,在水温30℃±2℃,氨氮浓度60～120mg/L,DO为0.8～1.0mg/L和HRT=24h条件下,运行130d可实现稳定的亚硝化,YJZH软性组合填料更适合于微生物附着.     

人工湿地氮转化与氧关系研究

应用N转化迁移模型分析廊道式人工湿地氮转化与氧供应的关系,验证目前湿地全程硝化反硝化脱氮机制的有效性.对各个廊道进出水NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN、B₅、DO进行了测定和分析.在水力负荷5cm/d条件下,各廊道湿地有机氮矿化率为0.01～0.28g·(m²·d)^-1、氨氮硝化率0.50～1.54 g·(m²·d)^-1,反硝化率0.41～1.13 g·(m²·d)^-1(占总氮损失的3.4%～35.4%)、植物净吸收氮0.07～0.26 g·(m²·d)^-1(占总氮损失的7%～33%).硝化反硝化与有机质降解同时进行,在进水端最明显,这与传统认识相悖.按照全程硝化化学计量学得到的硝化需氧量(NOD)高于实际的表面复氧和植物根系放氧.最后对在高浓度有机质存在条件下,能减少对氧需求的2种新型脱氮机制进行了讨论.     

亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理高含氮废水的研究

采用实验室规模的亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺,研究其对高含氮、低C/N废水的处理能力.结果表明,亚硝化反应器的水力停留时间控制在1.0d时,亚硝化活性比较稳定,进水氨氮浓度对其影响不大.进水氨氮浓度在400～600 mg/L时,出水亚硝酸氮浓度都在260～280 mg/L,可以通过控制进水氨氮浓度调节出水亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率.亚硝化反应器出水的亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率对厌氧氨氧化脱氮率有重要的作用.当进水氨氮浓度为480 mg/L时,出水中亚硝酸氮/氨氮的比率为1.2左右,进入厌氧氨氧化反应器的氮物质去除率达到     

水力停留时间对活性污泥系统的硝化性能及其生物结构的影响

利用微生物呼吸醌指纹谱图结合传统分析方法研究了水力停留时间(HRT从30 h逐步缩短至5 h)对活性污泥硝化性能及种群结构的影响.结果表明,对于NH₄⁺-N浓度为500 mg·L^-1的废水,在HRT≥20 h时,氨氮去除率可达98%以上.若继续缩短HRT,污泥流失严重,尽管进水NH₄⁺-N浓度降低,出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂