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991.
Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial
functional diversity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity. 相似文献
992.
ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics. 相似文献
993.
水解(酸化)工艺预处理难降解有机废水应用技术分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对水解(酸化)工艺进行了原理分析,论述了该工艺的优缺点,以及对后续工艺的影响.分析论述了该工艺对几种典型的难降解有机废水的降解机理.认为水解(酸化)作为难降解有机废水的预处理工艺具有很高的推广应用价值. 相似文献
994.
A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ... 相似文献
995.
对已通过16SrRNA基因方法检测到厌氧氨氧化菌(anammox菌)的江苏新沂河底泥样品在厌氧生物反应器中进行连续培养,研究这种新发现的anammox菌的生长特性,及其厌氧氨氧化效应.培养试验历时49d.经25d的启动期,反应器中氨氮和亚硝酸氮开始同时降低,并与厌氧氨氧化反应的化学计量关系类似.此后,反应器的氮转化量呈上升趋势(最大值接近0.17kg.m-.3d-1).底泥经培养后,anammox菌得到了富集,其数量从1%提高到5.6%,其倍增时间为12d.研究还发现反应器生物量的流失,出水中含有与anammox菌特异性基因探针杂交并正进行增殖的细菌细胞,但其生物特性有待深入研究. 相似文献
996.
The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and e cient undivided system for practical
wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas di usion
or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activity
were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using a
spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current e ciency and the hydrogen peroxide
yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and
using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was
fairly di cult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete. 相似文献
997.
Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR. 相似文献
999.
海洋硫酸盐还原菌群处理烟气脱硫废水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对高盐硫酸根废水的特性,从海底沉积物中富集得到1个硫酸盐还原菌菌群SRB-2,并研究了盐度、温度、pH值、碳源、硫酸根浓度和铁形态对其活性的影响.结果表明,SRB-2为嗜盐中温硫酸盐还原菌群, 可以利用乙醇及乳酸为单一碳源,最佳生长温度为30~40℃,最佳生长pH值为7.4~8.3,SRB-2菌群能够在硫酸根浓度为5 200 mg/L或盐度为60 g/L的条件下正常生长,还原铁粉对该菌群还原硫酸根的能力具有加强作用,而二价铁离子则抑制细菌活性.扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜对菌体形态研究发现,在反应器填料表面,该菌群中有大量短竿状及螺旋状细菌黏附,而在底部,主要为表面覆盖大量黑色粘稠物质,由短竿状细菌组成,推测其可能是菌种SRB-2-64(GenBank 序列号:EU167911)的堆积. 相似文献
1000.
UV/H2O2工艺降解微囊藻毒素-LR 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用UV/H2O2联合工艺,研究了光强、初始浓度、H2O2投加量、pH及阴离子对微囊藻毒素-LR (MC-LR)去除率的影响.结果表明,单独H2O2对MC-LR基本无去除效果;单独UV工艺可以一定程度上降解MC-LR;而UV/H2O2联合工艺由于发生协同作用明显提高降解效率.试验发现,随着光强的增大,MC-LR的去除率不断提高;随着MC-LR初始浓度的增大,其去除率不断降低;随着H2O2投加量的增大,降解速率常数逐渐增大,当H2O2投加量由1 mmol/L增大到3 mmol/L时,降解速率常数由0.084 4上升到0.166 4;当pH为3.13时,在相同条件下MC-LR的去除效果最好;阴离子的投加不利于MC-LR的降解,其中CO2-3、NO-3影响最大. 相似文献