河南夏邑县长寿现象与饮用水水质的关系

基于野外调查采样和室内分析,探讨了夏邑县饮用水中化学元素和长寿人口分布特征以及夏邑县不同乡镇饮用水中化学元素的差异及其与长寿人口分布的相关性。结果表明,夏邑县长寿人口具有明显的空间聚集性,县境内80岁以上及95岁以上人口均呈东北-西南带状分布;与对照相比,夏邑县饮用水中Ca、Cu、Mg、Mn、Pb、Se、Sr、Zn等元素含量较高,而Cd、Cr、Fe、Hg、K、Na等元素含量较低;长寿水平相同的乡镇中百岁人口比例存在明显差异,百岁人口比例较高的乡镇饮用水中Ca、Fe、Mn、Se、Sr等元素富集,而Cu、K、Pb等元素亏损。研究表明,富Ca、Mg、Mn、Se、Sr等生命元素且无重金属污染的弱碱性饮用水是区域长寿的一个重要原因,而饮用水中Ca、Mg、Mn、Se、Sr、Pb分布不均是限制夏邑县百岁人口分布的关键因素。     

CE-QUAL-W2模型在上海市大型饮用水水库中的应用

通过二维纵向横向平均水动力学和水质模型（CE-QUAL-W2模型）来模拟上海大型饮用水水库的水质状况。模型初步模拟了该水库中不同深度水层的水质状况,使用2011年1月到2011年11月单月（包含一年四季代表性）的数据对模型主要参数进行校正。结果显示,水质状况的模型计算值与实测值比较接近,与实际情况较吻合,AME和RMS值较好,预测该水库的水质是Ⅰ～Ⅱ类。通过本文对该（CE-QUAL-W2模型）的应用得出的结果显示,该模型也适合模拟一些具有湖泊特性的河流,尤其适用于对水体的水质评估。     

Biological control experiment of excess propagation of Cyclops for drinking water security

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this study, an ecological project was put forward for the excess propagation control of Cyclops by stocking the filter-feeding fishes such as silver carp and bighead carp under the condition of no extraneous nutrient feeding. The results of experiments with different stocking biomass showed that the propagation of Cyclops could be controlled effectively, and the water quality was improved simultaneously by impacting on nutriment level and plankton community structure at proper stocking density of 30 g/m^3 of water. The growth of Cyclops may not be effectually controlled with lower biomass of fish （10 g）, and the natural food chain relation may be destroyed for Cyclops dying out in water while the intense stocking of 120 g per cubic meter of water. In addition, the high predator pressure may accelerate supplemental rate of nutrients from bottom sediments to water body to add the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in water.     

Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles

Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as ＂purge and trap＂ and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.     

每日生活消耗了多少水?

你可能会惊讶于生产一个汉堡或者制造一件中意的T恤衫所消耗的水量。而将苹果与橘子、啤酒与白酒、风力发电与火力发电相比较,你会发现不同选择能节省大量水资源。1、牛肉生产1磅(0.5千克)牛肉消耗水1799加仑(6810公升),消耗谷物6.6磅(3.2千克),外加灌溉用水;消耗草36.2磅(1 6.4千克),外加灌溉用水;消耗饮用水及加工用     

乡镇饮用水污染事故监测案例

饮用水源污染事故危害较大,直接影响人民群众的生命健康。文章以某乡镇饮用水源污事故监测为例,就如何快速制定应急监测方案,确定污染源,分析污染事故产生的原因等方面进行了讨论。     

生活饮用水水质检测的重要性

生活饮用水水质卫生状况与人民的健康息息相关,生活饮用水生产的每一个环节,都实行严格的质量控制,出厂前和生产环节的取样检测至关重要,以判断其是否符合国家〈生活饮用水标准〉,达标的水才能输送到供水管网中.所以说,通过加强水质检测,生活饮用水出厂前均能达到国家标准,为生活饮用水的质量管理奠定务实基础.     

生活饮用水水质检测的重要性

生活饮用水水质卫生状况与人民的健康息息相关,生活饮用水生产的每一个环节,都实行严格的质量控制,出厂前和生产环节的取样检测至关重要,以判断其是否符合国家《生活饮用水标准》,达标的水才能输送到供水管网中。所以说,通过加强水质检测,生活饮用水出厂前均能达到国家标准,为生活饮用水的质量管理奠定夯实基础。     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

美国饮用水化学候选污染物的筛选过程

介绍美国国家环境保护局建立饮用水化学候选污染物清单(contaminant candidate list,CCL)的总体情况。通过第3次化学候选污染物清单的建立过程,详细介绍了CCL3的建立程序和技术内容,对化学候选污染物结合健康危害和暴露程度的筛选方法和分步实施筛选的程序进行了说明,对我国确定管制化学物质的筛选工作提供了实践参考。