直链烷基苯磺酸盐促进剩余污泥产生短链脂肪酸的研究

采用批试试验的方法研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(C12-LAS)对剩余污泥在厌氧发酵过程中产生的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的影响.结果表明,C12-LAS的投加极大地提高了剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程中的SCFAs产量.当C12-LAS加入量低于0.1g·g-1时,SCFAs产量随着C12-LAS加入量的增加而增加,然而,当C12-LAS加入量高于0.1g·g-1时,SCFAs产量反而有所降低.从污泥产酸量以及经济成本考虑,C12-LAS的最佳投加量为0.02g·g-1,此时剩余污泥的SCFAs最大产量出现在第6天.进一步的研究表明,C12-LAS不仅促使大量的碳水化合物和蛋白质脱离污泥颗粒并溶解到液相中,而且抑制了产甲烷菌的活性.尽管剩余污泥经历着酸化过程,但由于其释放出大量的NH4 -N,污泥在整个厌氧发酵过程中的pH值逐渐升高.     

加工含硫阿曼原油后柴油加氢装置的防腐与安全运行

通过分析柴油加氢装置的腐蚀现象及腐蚀原因，找出了因腐蚀造成的安全隐患。通过化验分析推断出发生腐蚀的重点部位。采用了加注缓蚀剂等有效的防腐措施，使腐蚀得到有效控制，保证了装置的安全运行。     

零价铁还原降解2,4-二硝基甲苯研究

研究了零价铁对2，4-二硝基甲苯(2，4-DNT)的还原降解情况。实验结果表明，2,4-DNT的还原降解率与溶液初始pH值、初始浓度、溶解氧含量和铁粉投加量等因素有关。2，4-DNT在还原过程中先生成2-氨基-4-硝基甲苯(2A4NT)和4-氨基-2-硝基甲苯(4A2NT)，最后被还原成2，4-二氨基甲苯(2，4-DAT)。     

Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo unbalanced translocation (4p + ) following in vitro fertilization

We report herein a de novo unbalanced chromosome translocation in a fetus resulting from in vitro fertilization technology. Prenatal diagnostic analysis of an amniotic fluid revealed a 46,XX,4p+ karyotype. The origin of the extra material on the short arm of chromosome 4 could not be identified by a variety of banding techniques. However, examination of fetal parts did reveal some dysmorphic features.     

In situ preparation of g-C3N4/Bi4O5I2 complex and its elevated photoactivity in Methyl Orange degradation under visible light

A graphite carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4) modified Bi_4O_5I_2 composite was successfully prepared insitu via the thermal treatment of a g-C_3N_4/Bi OI precursor at 400°C for 3 hr.The as-prepared g-C_3N_4/Bi_4O_5I_2 showed high photocatalytic performance in Methyl Orange(MO) degradation under visible light.The best sample presented a degradation rate of 0.164 min~(-1),which is 3.2 and 82 times as high as that of Bi_4O_5I_2 and g-C_3N_4,respectively.The g-C_3N_4/Bi_4O_5I_2 was characterized by X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and transient photocurrent response in order to explain the enhanced photoactivity.Results indicated that the decoration with a small amount of g-C_3N_4 influenced the specific surface area only slightly.Nevertheless,the capability for absorbing visible light was improved measurably,which was beneficial to the MO degradation.On top of that,a strong interaction between g-C_3N_4 and Bi_4O_5I_2 was detected.This interplay promoted the formation of a favorable heterojunction structure and thereby enhanced the charge separation.Thus,the g-C_3N_4/Bi_4O_5I_2 composite presented greater charge separation efficiency and much better photocatalytic performance than Bi_4O_5I_2.Additionally,g-C_3N_4/Bi_4O_5I_2 also presented high stability.·O_2~-and holes were verified to be the main reactive species.     

盐度和pH对崇明东滩沉积物中NH+4释放的影响研究

采集长江口下游的崇明东滩沉积物样，通过实验模拟研究盐度和pH对沉积物中NH4^ 释放的影响。结果表明，潮滩沉积物中NH4^ 的释放受盐度和pH的共同控制。NH4^ 随着盐度的变化呈明显的“M”型双峰曲线，释放量最小出现在盐度为0‰。释放峰值出现在盐度为5‰、20‰。NH4^ 随着pH的释放规律因盐度环境和沉积物类型的不同而显著不同。NH4^ 的释放量与沉积物类型有关，沙性物质含量高的低潮滩沉积物中NH4^ 的释放量明显低于沙性物质少的中潮滩。     

浅析地聚合物的发展和研究动态

地聚合物是一类新型的高性能无机聚合物材料，是碱激活胶凝材料中最具前途的一类。由于其特殊的无机缩聚三维氧化物网络结构，使得地聚合物材料在众多方面具有比高分子材料、水泥、陶瓷和金属更高的高温性能和机械性能；另一方面，地聚合物材料制造过程中的能耗和三废排放量都非常低，材料对环境友好并且可以很好地被回收再年利用，是一种可持续发展的“绿色环保材料”。在比较全面地论述地聚合物材料的发展历史、生产工艺的基础上分析目前存在的问题，提出开发地聚合物材料是兼顾社会发展和减轻环境污染问题的一个较理想的对策。     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅱ)反应的动力学研究

研究了在模拟太阳光和紫外光作用下，４－氯苯酚的光反应动力学，研究表明，紫外光的作用更为显。４－ＣＰ的反应速率与４－ＣＰ起始浓度、ｐＨ值，金属离子浓度、富里酸浓度等因素有关，通入空气，能够加速４－ＣＰ降解。     

废渣──Al(OH)_3凝胶再利用研究

研究了对处理铝材加工含Al3＋的酸性废液过程中产生的二次污染物Al（OH）3凝胶废渣的应用。含水分约90％、80％左右的Al（OH）3凝胶200g分别与14～16mL、22～24mL95％的工业浓硫酸酸反应，可制得浓度为20％～23％的Al（SO4）3溶液，经稀释可用作造纸原料。     

Technical and theoretical considerations in the HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells for prenatal diagnosis and paternity testing

HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells has been used for the prenatal diagnosis of the HLA linked diseases congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH-deficiency (21-OH-def) type) and complement C4 deficiency and it has also been used for the prenatal de termination of paternity. There are, however, technical difficulties in this test associated with the weak expression of some B locus antigens on amniotic fluid cells, and theoretical difficulties related to associations between particular HLA antigens and the 21-OH-def allele. Since certain HLA-B locus antigens are found in significantly increased frequencies among patients with 21-OH-def, there is a relatively high incidence of HLA-B homozygosity among the patients and over 40 percent of the parents of these patients share one or more HLA-B locus antigens. Results of some prenatal HLA typing tests may thus be difficult to interpret, and supplementary tests should be used whenever possible. HLA typing of amniotic cells is, however, the only available procedure for prenatal diagnosis of C4 deficiency and it is the best available procedure for prenatal determination of paternity. A modification of our original procedure allows HLA typing to be performed with increased numbers of HLA typing sera, and sera with optimum reactivity for amniotic fluid cells have now been selected for the definition of most of the more commonly expressed HLA antigens. Although amniotic fluid cells do not express DR antigens, amniotic fluid cells can be typed for the HLA-linked marker glyoxalase I (GLO) and this may be the informative for prenatal diagnosis in some cases.