火灾探测的原理和方法(下)

简述了火灾现象的物理特征、火灾探测的基本原理并对火灾探测算法的建立及发展作了介绍。对产生火灾误报警的原因进行了分析，指出要改善火灾探测的准确性，缺少的不是思路和技术，而是火灾科学基础研究的积累。     

室内空气中TVOC的分析测试技术

综述了国内外室内空气中TVOC的分析测试技术：比色管检测法，便携式TVOC仪检测法气相色谱或色质联用分析方法，介绍了我国TVOC标准物质／样品的研制与应用情况。     

对水质自动监测中测量值突变的判别与处理

以程序化方式介绍了判别水质自动监测中测量突变的原因。提出当发现某主要指标异常时，应查看相关指标的运行情况，再校准仪器，并人工同步分析样品。若测定结果的相对偏差大于5％，表明测量仪器故障；若相对偏差小于5％，应继续进行源水分析比对，以判别是仪器故障还是污染事故。通过实例分析，淮南市水质自动监测中DO测量值偏低的原因：一是取水泵安装位置不当，造成负压抽水，使水中DO溢出；二是流程太低，致使管道藻类大量繁殖，消耗了水中DO。解决方法：正确安装取水泵，并加大水泵抽水量，冲刷管道藻类。     

Development of a limit state approach for design against gas explosions

The design of topsides against explosions requires the definition of a design over-pressure, however, these values are often treated as deterministic and there is a wide variation within the industry in the treatment and interpretation of the loads.

This paper advocates the adoption of a number of limit state for explosion loading. Events of different magnitudes are differentiated on the basis of frequency and linked to appropriate degree of reliability thus avoiding disproportionate effects from minor events.

The two principal limit states considered are a limit state for all the safety critical systems for relatively high frequency events and a survival condition for low probability events. Parallels are drawn from other branches of engineering where extreme loads have to be designed for.     

轻型客车的制动性能检测与分析

利用 2 2 0辆某轻型客车制动性能台试检测所得大量样本数据 ,对其 6项制动性能指标进行了统计分析 ,并得出了各项制动性能指标的实测合格率。轻型客车的制动性能检测与分析 ,对发现存在的问题 ,指导设计制造和使用维修单位改进工作 ,确保道路交通安全及车辆的行驶安全性具有重要作用。     

二级处理出水中肠道病毒的PCR检测研究

建立了二级处理出水中肠道病毒的巢式PCR检测方法。在2006年7月至2007年2月期间分别用第一次PCR和巢式PCR方法对西安市北石桥污水净化中心的二级处理出水中的肠道病毒进行了检测,两种检测方法的阳性率分别为12．5％和87．5％。另外,还对二级处理出水中的肠道病毒含量和温度、pH值等理化指标的关系作了分析。     

ICP发射光谱仪锌元素检出限不确定度分析

依据JJG1059-1999对ICP发射光谱仪锌元素检出限的不确定度进行了评估,分析了影响测量不确定度的各个因素,计算得出ICP发射光谱仪锌元素检出限的扩展不确定度为:U=0.00066(μg.mL-1),k=2。     

Is there really a green paradox?

In the absence of a CO₂ tax, the anticipation of a cheaper renewable backstop increases current emissions of CO₂. Since the date at which renewables are phased in is brought forward and more generally future emissions of CO₂ will decrease, the effect on global warming is unclear. Green welfare falls if the backstop is relatively expensive and full exhaustion of fossil fuels is optimal, but may increase if the backstop is sufficiently cheap relative to the cost of extracting the last drop of fossil fuels plus marginal global warming damages as then it is attractive to leave more fossil fuels unexploited and thus limit CO₂ emissions. We establish these results by analyzing depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels followed by a switch to a clean renewable backstop, paying attention to timing of the switch and the amount of fossil fuels remaining unexploited. We also discuss the potential for limit pricing when the non-renewable resource is owned by a monopolist. Finally, we show that if backstops are already used and more backstops become economically viable as the price of fossil fuels rises, a lower cost of the backstop will either postpone fossil fuel exhaustion or leave more fossil fuel in situ, thus boosting green welfare. However, if a market economy does not internalize global warming externalities and renewables have not kicked in yet, full exhaustion of fossil fuel will occur in finite time and a backstop subsidy always curbs green welfare.     

酸雨的测定及其质量控制

提出选择酸雨项目时，应考虑酸雨成分受地域化学离子影响的因素，阐述了测定酸雨中pH、电导率、阴离子、阳离子及金属成分时容易出现的问题及解决办法。指出了我国在酸雨的测定及其质量控制方法存在的问题。介绍了欧美和日本酸雨测定的质量控制办法，认为根据离子浓度平衡进行的质量控制有着非常重要的意义。     

Carbon taxation,OPEC and the end of oil

I develop a differential game between an oil cartel and an importer investing in research and development (R&D) to reduce the cost of a green substitute to oil. In equilibrium, the cartel is forced to deter the substitute, which thus imposes a price ceiling falling over time. Credible carbon taxes are below the Pigovian level, implying the importer cannot internalise the full pollution externality, much less capture resource rents. Without carbon pricing, the importer curtails long-run pollution using a costly R&D programme. Normatively, climate policy will be more expensive if relying on green R&D programmes only.