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551.
Pesch R Schröder W Schmidt G Genssler L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(3):528-536
In order to assess whether nitrogen (N) loads in mosses reflect different land uses, 143 sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, the Weser-Ems Region and the Euro Region Nissa were sampled between 2000 and 2005. The data were analysed statistically with available surface information on land use and forest conditions. N bioaccumulation in mosses in the Weser-Ems Region with high densities of agricultural land use and livestock exceeded the concentrations in the more industrialised Euro Region Nissa. In all three study areas agricultural and livestock spatial densities were found to be positively correlated with N bioaccumulation in mosses. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the N concentrations in mosses was also moderately correlated with N concentrations in leaves and needles of forest trees. The moss method proved useful to assess the spatial patterns of N bioaccumulation due to land use. 相似文献
552.
Ebrayi KN Pathak H Kalra N Bhatia A Jain N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):451-465
Nitrogen is the most widely used fertilizer nutrient, and it is a universally deficient nutrient too, which often severely
restricts the growth and yield of crops. To improve N fertilizer management, soil–plant system models can be applied to simulate
adequate N supply for both, optimal crop growth and minimal N losses. The likely impact of climate change on the cereal production
is of paramount importance in the planning strategies to meet the future growing needs on sustainable grounds. In this scenario
models are the effective tools to foresee the probable impacts and for choosing appropriate land use options. The study reported
in this thesis, employs field experiments and use of simulation tools to understand the dynamics of soil N balance and relate
growth and yield of rice under varying nitrogen inputs. The InfoCrop model was used in this study, which was calibrated with
the historic data sets, and subsequently validated with the field experiment conducted at IARI Farm, New Delhi. Simulated
results matched well with the observed values in terms of growth and yield of rice and seasonal nitrogen uptake. The components
of soil nitrogen balance differed among varying nitrogen level treatments, which was also captured by use of InfoCrop. The
model was then taken to climate change impact analysis. The results clearly revealed that when temperature increased, the
soil N losses, like denitrification, volatilization, N2O emission increased, whereas grain and biomass yields decreased. The
further scope of the study is to validate the study in contrasting agroenvironments. 相似文献
553.
554.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):213-228
Bisphenol A (BPA) has received increasing attention due to its long-term industrial application and persistence in environmental pollution. Iron-based carbon catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) shows a good prospect for effective elimination of recalcitrant contaminants in water. Herein, considering the problem about the leaching of iron ions and the optimization of heteroatoms doping, the iron, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped tremella-like carbon catalyst (Fe-NS@C) was rationally designed using very little iron, S-C3N4 and low-cost chitosan (CS) via the impregnation-calcination method. The as-prepared Fe-NS@C exhibited excellent performance for complete removal of BPA (20 mg/L) by activating PMS with the high kinetic constant (1.492 min−1) in 15 min. Besides, the Fe-NS@C/PMS system not only possessed wide pH adaptation and high resistance to environmental interference, but also maintained an excellent degradation efficiency on different pollutants. Impressively, increased S-C3N4 doping amount modulated the contents of different N species in Fe-NS@C, and the catalytic activity of Fe-NS@C-1-x was visibly enhanced with increasing S-C3N4 contents, verifying pyridine N and Fe-Nx as main active sites in the system. Meanwhile, thiophene sulfur (C-S-C) as active sites played an auxiliary role. Furthermore, quenching experiment, EPR analysis and electrochemical test proved that surface-bound radicals (·OH and SO4⋅−) and non-radical pathways worked in the BPA degradation (the former played a dominant role). Finally, possible BPA degradation route were proposed. This work provided a promising way to synthesize the novel Fe, N and S co-doping carbon catalyst for degrading organic pollutants with low metal leaching and high catalytic ability. 相似文献
555.
Eutrophication due to uncontrolled discharges of nitrogen and phosphorus has become a serious pollution problem in many Chinese
rivers. This article analyzes the nitrogen flow in Huizhou City in the East River watershed in south China. The material accounting
method was applied to investigate the nitrogen flows related to human activities, which consist of the natural and anthropogenic
systems. In Huizhou City, the nonpoint source pollution was quantified by the export coefficient method and the domestic discharge
was estimated as the product of per capita nitrogen contribution and population. This research was conducted based on statistical
information and field data from 1998 in the Huizhou City. The results indicated that the major nitrogen flows in this area
were river loads, fertilizer and feedstuff imports, atmospheric deposition, animal manure volatilization, and processes related
to burning and other emissions. In 1998, about 40% of the nitrogen was retained in the system and could result in potential
environmental problems. Nitrogen export was mainly by rivers, which account for about 57% of the total nitrogen exported.
Comparisons made between the East River and the Danube and Yangtze Rivers show that the unit area nitrogen export was of the
same magnitude and the per capita nitrogen export was comparable. 相似文献
556.
为了研究超声热效应对于气体解吸的影响规律,利用自行研制的具备施加超声功能的吸附解吸装置,对吸附饱和氮气的型煤试件开展超声热效应下的气体解吸试验。利用试验数据,拟合出了不同氮气压力下超声热效应作用过程中温度变化方程,解吸量方程及解吸速率方程。同时,对解吸量方程和解吸速率方程进行了试验数据验证。结果表明:超声热效应作用能够有效地提高型煤试样的温度,提高氮气的解吸130.9%-145.8%。验证结果相对误差集中在5%以内,拟合方程能够反映出超声热效应作用过程中解吸量及解吸速率的变化情况。 相似文献
557.
随着对气候变化日趋关注,人们对生态系统气体交换及其主要影响因素进行了大量研究。短花针茅草原作为荒漠草原的典型代表,是亚洲特有的一种草原类型,是最干旱的草原类型,生态环境异常严酷,系统极度脆弱,稳定性差,在自然和人为干扰下极易退化。以短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原为研究对象,通过控制降雨量以及氮素添加对生态系统气体交换进行监测,研究气体交换对降雨量和氮素添加的响应过程,揭示降雨量和氮素添加对生态系统气体交换的影响作用。该文在2012年自然条件下,采用自动CO2通量系统(Li-6400, Li-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA)野外测定短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原生态系统气体交换数据,比较研究了增雨施肥(WN)、增雨不施肥(W)、减雨施肥(RN)、减雨不施肥(R)、单独施肥(N)、自然状况(CK)条件下2012年气体交换变化规律。结果表明:整个生长季生态系统净 CO2交换(NEE)、总的生态系统生产力(GEP)、生态系统呼吸值(ER)都呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在生长旺盛期(8月)达到最大值。NEE在N、W处理下有升高,其他处理都降低。ER在N、WN处理下都有升高,其他处理都降低。GEP在W、N、WN处理下都有升高,其他处理都降低。NEE、ER、GEP都是在N处理中达到最大值。 相似文献
558.
Zhenfeng Han Ying Miao Jing Dong Zhiqiang Shen Yuexi Zhou Shan Liu Chunping Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):52
559.
560.