NTA和DTPA对小麦幼苗对金属吸收的诱导效应

通过盆栽试验和化学提取实验研究了有机配体NTA和DTPA对小麦对沙土中外源重金属Cd,Cu,Pb和Zn的吸收的影响.研究表明,在所试验的土壤金属浓度下,有机配体NTA和DTPA的添加均明显导致小麦幼苗中金属Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb富集量的增加,且DTPA的作用效果高于NTA.10mmol·kg-1DTPA作用效果高于5mmol·kg-1DTPA,但提高程度有限.NTA处理组各金属14 d茎叶富集系数高于7 d茎叶富集系数.对于不同金属,DTPA的作用导致小麦幼苗茎叶富集系数随时间变化的规律不同.5mmol·kg-1NTA,5mmol·kg-1DTPA和10mmol·kg-1DTPA的添加明显导致土壤中4种外源金属的0.01 mol·L-1CaCl2提取态含量的增加.小麦茎叶重金属富集量与0.01mol·L-1CaCl2提取态金属含量具有较好的相关性,说明配体NTA和DTPA的添加导致小麦幼苗对4种金属的富集量的增加是与其导致0.01 mol·L-1CaCl2提取态含量的增加是密切相关的.     

影响船舶油污事故损害与赔偿各因素的模糊层次分析法

影响船舶油污事故损害与赔偿的5个主要因素为：溢油量、油种比重、溢油海域情况、油污清理情况、溢油地点环境，如何较恰当的确定各影响因素的重要程度系数直接关系到船舶油污事故拭损害与赔偿评估的正确与否，文中首先介绍了确定因素重要程度系数的德尔斐法、专家调查法等方法，然后采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）来确定船舶油污事故损害影响因素的权重。     

清河电厂河滩灰场植被重建技术的研究

阐述了电厂灰场植被覆盖技术的原理、实施方案和主要效益     

Study on the damage of the “91.7” rainstorm in Sihudrainage area with remote sensing application technique

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｄａｍａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅ“９１．７”ｒａｉｎｓｔｏｒｍｉｎＳｉｈｕｄｒａｉｎａｇｅａｒｅａｗｉｔｈｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅＹｕＧｕａｎｇｍｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,...     

重庆的国家重点保护植物研究

基于《中国植物红皮书》第一、二册名录，重庆有国家重点保护植物７７种，隶属于４７科，７１属。根据第一批公布的国家重点保护植物，重庆有５２种４９属３２科；其中一级５种，二级２４种，三级２３种，濒危６种，稀有２１种，渐危２５种。水平分布有三个中心，即大巴山南缘地区、武陵山区、大娄山北缘地区。论文最后提出了珍稀濒危植物的保护措施。     

实验室模拟海洋环境下印制电路板腐蚀损伤行为

目的 研究实验室模拟海洋环境下,机载设备舱内印制电路板的腐蚀损伤行为和规律.方法 基于实测的某型机机载设备舱海洋环境数据,编制加速腐蚀试验环境谱,针对化学镀镍金印制电路板开展加速腐蚀试验;以宏微观腐蚀形貌、导通电阻以及绝缘电阻等为腐蚀表征行为参数,分析实验室模拟海洋环境下印制电路板腐蚀损伤演变的一般规律.结果 实验室模拟海洋环境下,印制电路板腐蚀首先从元器件引脚、通孔等区域诱发,腐蚀现象严重,严重影响导通电阻和绝缘电阻等电气性能的稳定性.加速腐蚀历程中,印制电路板的导通电阻不断增大,绝缘电阻的阻值不断降低.第6周期,绝缘电阻降低了一个数量级.第14周期,导通电阻的阻值增加了4.32～6.72 m?;绝缘电阻降至0.55～0.78 G?,降低了两个数量级,基本丧失绝缘性能.结论 实验室模拟海洋环境下,印制电路板腐蚀损伤历程可以分为表面镀层腐蚀、基底金属腐蚀发生与扩展、元器件芯腔内腐蚀失效3个阶段.     

环境优先污染物简易筛选法初探

文章用化合物的潜在危害指数来指示物质对环境的毒性,结合江苏省饮用水中丰、平、枯三个水期测定出的有机物污染物的检出浓度和检出频次,利用分级、加权法对检出的化合物进行排序,从而筛选出江苏省饮用水中的优先监测污染物.文章所提出的方法具有一定的合理性和可操作性.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

人工湿地中常用填料和植物对污染物去除效果的比较

人工湿地工艺作为一种优选技术应用于流域规模的污染水处理。在此,根据人工湿地中常用填料和植物的物理、化学属性,分析其优缺点及适用性,总结出对氮、磷和COD处理效果较好的填料和植物,并提出了一系列综合优化的措施和建议。     

History of equatorial vegetation fires and fire research in Southeast Asia before the 1997–98 episode: A reconstruction of creeping environmental changes

Charcoal fragments in forest soils give evidence of prehistoric and historic natural and anthropogenic wildfires in the equatorial rainforests and in seasonal monsoon forests of continental and insular South Asia. Conditions favourable for the occurrence of historic and contemporary rainforest fires are associated with droughts, especially during dry spells caused by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Historic land-use fires and wildfires can be reconstructed from a number of narrative reports, including documents that reveal drought and famine. In the eastern part of Borneo prehistoric and historic records of coal fires reveal a unique natural source of wildfires. Starting with modern transmigration programs and systematic conversion of primary and secondary vegetation, including peat-swamp ecosystems, into farmland and industrial plantations, the use of fire as a land-clearing tool escalated in the 1990s. During droughts land-clearing fires additionally contribute to wildfires. A detailed study of the ecological consequences of the episode of land-use fires and wildfires of 1982–1983 was conducted on an area of 2.7 million ha of dipterocarp rainforest in East Kalimantan. The results show that dipterocarps are highly susceptible to fire and are replaced by pioneers and fire-tolerant species that occupy the disturbed sites or survive the immediate fire effects. Smoke from forest conversion burning caused considerable environmental problems, reducing visibility and affecting human health and security. Emissions from vegetation burning influence chemistry and functioning of the global atmosphere. The situation is different in those parts of mainland and insular Southeast Asia that are characterized by seasonal climate. Through long-term influence of climate variability, fire influence, and anthropogenic pressure the vegetation is better adapted to extrinsic stresses. During the 15 years between the extreme ENSO events and fire episodes of 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 the national and international communities have been alerted and prepared to respond to the escalating fire situation in Indonesia. The response to the onset of the 1997–1998 fire and smoke episode, however, was absolutely inadequate and erratic. Meanwhile a whole continent – the maritime continent of Southeast Asia – has been degraded by excessive fire application for more than 20 years.